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ObjectiveWe assessed the psychological impact posed by COVID-19 and its associated factors on the healthcare workforce nationwide during the peak of Vietnam’s fourth outbreak.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingOur study was conducted in 61 provinces of Vietnam.MethodsA total of 2814 healthcare professionals in 61/63 provinces of Vietnam. An online questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales was distributed randomly to a subgroup of 503 respondents.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo determine the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological of health workers, we conducted analyses to test a primary hypothesis related to participants based on three main scales including PHQ-9, PSS-4 and GAD-7 scales.ResultsNearly half (49.7%) of healthcare workers experienced mild depression symptoms, 34.0% underwent moderate anxiety symptoms and 49.3% reported high-stress levels. Respondents who had a monthly income below 5 million VND (~US$212) and had more than 3 days of duty per week had a higher score on the anxiety scales. Compared with medical doctors, nurses/midwives had lower PHQ-9 (Coef=−2.53; 95% CI=−3.71 to −1.36) and GAD-7 scores (Coef=−2.36; 95% CI=−3.56 L to −1.16). Increased workload and work time was the harmful factor that increase the PHQ-9, GAD-7 or PSS-4 scores. More than half (53.9%) of respondents stated no demand for mental healthcare services.ConclusionsHealth workers who gained less financial rewards are reported to have higher levels of mental distress than others, implying the need for a raise in basic salary as well as compensation and encouragement schemes. To tackle hesitancy in seeking mental help, integrating online mental health therapy with e-health consultations via social media can be strategically implemented to augment service delivery, and simultaneously enhance the standard of mental health services.

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This article analyzes the Franco-Spanish invasion of Vietnam from 1858 to 1860. Research is based on documents such as correspondence, reports, archives and diplomatic treaties as well as monographs from the time France intended to invade Vietnam through missionary activities until the end of the Franco-Spanish invasion. The article focuses on three basic issues that are the causes of the alliance, the evolution of the French and Spanish coalition invasion in Vietnam and its impact on stakeholders. The research results on the Franco-Spanish invasion of Vietnam indicated that the invasion carried out by this alliance was more special than that of the other French coalitions before. The invasion was based on an alliance without any commitment to the interests and responsibilities of the parties. The goals of France and Spain in this invasion were different. That led to conflict between France and Spain during the invasion and the fall of the alliance. France achieved its goal through an invasion that turned Vietnam into a colony, while Spain had barely achieved its desire to have commercial and missionary interests in the area.

BACKGROUND Increased workload, complexity of conditions, and delayed supports for COVID-19 control reinforce each other to create an extra burden among Vietnamese health workers during the most severe wave of the pandemic in 2021. OBJECTIVE In this study, we assessed the psychological impact posed by COVID-19 and its associated factors on the healthcare workforce nationwide during the peak of Vietnam’s forth outbreak. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in from October to November 2021 among 2,814 healthcare professionals in 61 provinces of Vietnam. An online questionnaire using PHQ-9, PSS-4 and GAD-7 scales to measure changes in working characteristics, access to healthcare and mental disorders severity was distributed randomly to a subgroup of 503 respondents. RESULTS Nearly half (49.7%) of healthcare workers experienced mild depression symptoms, 34.0% underwent moderate anxiety symptoms, and 49.3% reported high-stress levels. Respondents who were nurse, were female, had monthly income below 5 million VND and had more than 3 days of duty per week scored higher in the anxiety scales. More than half (53.9%) of respondents stated no demand for mental healthcare services, and online platform was the most popular means of accessing mental health information among healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of mental distress did not come with financial rewards, implying the need for a raise in basic salary as well as compensation and encouragement schemes. To tackle hesitancy in seeking mental help, awareness raising among workers about mental health issues and promotion of mental care through eHealth and mHealth platforms should be emphasized.