Abstract-A form of a novel adaptive antenna system that combines radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, programmable intelligent computer (PIC) microcontroller and reconfigurable beam steering antenna is proposed. Localization and adaptive response are the most challenging issues in smart antenna system. In this research, the localization technique relying on the received signal strength (RSS) signals has been done intensively where the capability of the RFID tag in producing certain level of signal strength has been exploited as a

Abstract-Spectrum sharing between wireless systems becomes a critical issue due to emerging new technologies and spectrum shortage. Recently, IMT-Advanced system has been allocated in the same frequency band (3500 MHz) along with fixed services on co-primary basis, which means that harmful interference probability may be transpired. Channel bandwidths (BW) and natural of deployment areas of wireless systems are of the main effective factors in spectrum sharing. Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) model will be used to study these factors effects beside the interference to noise ratio (I/N ) as a fundamental criterion for coexistence and sharing between systems. The frequency and distance separation and antenna height effects are essential to be investigated to achieve spectrum sharing.

Abstract-Spectrum sharing analysis is remarkably important in investigating the possibility for coexistence between IMT-Advanced system and existing wireless services when operating in the same or adjacent frequency channel. The frequency band, 470-862 MHz, is currently allocating to TV broadcasting services (TVBS) and subbands within it are also allocated to fixed wireless access (FWA) service. Recently, international telecommunication union-radio (ITU-R) sector has allocated sub-bands within 470-862 MHz for IMTAdvanced systems. This concurrent operation causes destructive interference that influences the coexisting feasibility between IMTAdvanced and these existing services, FWA and broadcasting. This paper addresses a timely and topical problem dealing with spectrum sharing and coexistence between IMT-Advanced systems and both FWA and TVBS within 790-862 MHz. Co-channel and adjacent channel with an overlapping band and with or without guard band are intersystem interference scenarios investigated. The deterministic analysis is carried out by spectral emission mask (SEM) technique as well as interference to noise ratio graph. Various significant factors such as channel width, propagation path lengths, environments losses, and additional losses due to antenna discrimination which influence the feasibility of coexistence are evaluated. Feasible coexistence coordination procedures in terms of carrier frequency offset, separation

Abstract-This paper presents a mini multi-band printed omnidirectional antenna with v-shaped structure for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The proposed multi-band antenna is developed from the initial v-shaped design which is only capable of working as a single-band antenna. By deploying a concept of dipole antenna to an initial design, the proposed antenna is accomplished to operate with two different modes of RFID system which are passive and active modes at frequencies of 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz respectively. The passive RFID tag is invented when a chip of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) is integrated with a proposed multi-band antenna. This passive tag, which is able to radiate with the measured signal strength, shows that the reading ranges are boosted almost two times compared to the conventional inlay antenna. The maximum reading range of passive RFID tag with inlay antenna is 5 m, though a reading range up to 10 m is achievable through the deployment of the proposed antenna at a measurement field. Implicitly, the measurements carried out on the antenna are in good agreement with the simulated values. Moreover, the size of the mobile passive RFID tag has been substantially as 100 mm × 70 mm, even though the antenna is fabricated with an inexpensive FR-4 substrate material. With the reasonable gain, coupled with cheaper material and smaller size, the proposed antenna

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) is today's breakthrough frontier for emerging wireless mobile cellular networks, wireless local area networks, personal area networks, and vehicular communications. In the near future, mm-Wave products, systems, theories, and devices will come together to deliver mobile data rates thousands of times faster than today's existing cellular and Wi Fi networks for an example from the era of 3G, 4G towards 5G mobile communication in near future. This paper presents studies on rain attenuation at 6 GHz and 28 GHz, which is widely used for local multipoint distribution service deployment by using the measured and prediction methods for terrestrial microwave links point to point in tropical regions. Besides this, discussion and comparison of five different reduction factor models have been presented. Several models have been proposed by researchers to account for the horizontal variation of rainfall. Five rain attenuation prediction models in the tropical region are analyzed. The models are ITU-R model, revised Moupfouma model, revised Silva Mello model, Abdul Rahman model, and Lin model which have been analyzed. The objective of these studies is to identify rain attenuation using a prediction model for 5G networks in tropical regions for a country like Malaysia. This study has been carried out with the setting of an experimental testbed. A link to the path length of 0.2 km was set up in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Both the transmitter and receiver operate at frequencies of 6 GHz and 28 GHz. A tipping bucket rain rate is used, and all the data have been recorded using a data logger. At the end of the analysis, it is found that all the five models predict rain attenuation at less than 1 dB and 11 dB for operating microwave frequency at 6 GHz and 28 GHz for 5G Network. This findings will be useful for future 5G network designers to consider the effect of rain impairments especially in tropical region.