Multimodal Integration (MI) is the study of merging the knowledge acquired by the nervous system using sensory modalities such as speech, vision, touch, and gesture. The applications of MI expand over the areas of Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR), Sign Language Recognition (SLR), Emotion Recognition (ER), Bio Metrics Applications (BMA), Affect Recognition (AR), Multimedia Retrieval (MR), etc. The fusion of modalities such as hand gestures-facial, lip-hand position, etc., are mainly used as sensory modalities to develop hard-of-hearing multimodal systems. This paper encapsulates an overview of multimodal systems available within the literature for hard-ofhearing studies. This paper also discusses some of the studies related to hardof-hearing acoustic analysis. It is observed that very few algorithms have been developed for hard-of-hearing AVSR than normal hearing. Thus, the study of audio-visual-based speech recognition systems for hard-of-hearing is highly demanded by people trying to communicate with natively speaking languages. This paper also highlights the state-of-the-art techniques in AVSR and the challenges faced by the researchers in the development of AVSR systems.
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