1. Urban areas can host speciose bee communities due partially to the species‐rich combination of both native and alien plant species found in these landscapes. However, in intensively‐constructed zones, it could be expected to record a low plant diversity used by bees because of the high proportion of paved surfaces in these areas. 2. We investigated the influence of urbanisation on the cavity‐nesting bee‐plant community and interaction network structures in a medium‐sized city. The floral diversity used by nesting females in cell provisioning was retrieved from the pollen content obtained from trap‐nests collected in 11 sites located in an urban landscape gradient. 3. Eighty pollen types belonging to 20 families were identified in the 155 pollen samples analysed. At least seven alien plant species were identified in samples from all sampling points. The landscape analysis revealed a positive influence of the proportion of green areas on the pollen type richness, although the null model was also selected as best model. Likewise, all network metrics but connectance were not influenced by any of the landscape variables. 4. Our findings demonstrated that notwithstanding the sampling sites the floral diversity used by bees and the alien pollen type richness were similar. Likewise, the bee‐plant networks were modular, asymmetric, and highly specialised. The positive adaptation that cavity‐nesting bee species present in urban environments and the presence of bee species that can explore a diverse flora may indicate that the local variation in the landscape had little influence on their interactions with plants.

Tetrapedia curvitarsis Friese is a widely distributed species, frequently attracted by trap-nests. Previous studies have revealed a higher frequency of nesting in the wet season and dimorphism between the sexes, with females exhibiting larger body size than males. We evaluated the effects of seasonality on the production of nests, food niche, and body size of T. curvitarsis. The study was conducted from April 2009 to March 2010 and from April 2012 to March 2013 at the Água Limpa Experimental Station, located in the Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais State. The number of cells was positively correlated with length and diameter of trap-nests. However, the number of nests and the number of cells produced did not differed between the seasons. The females demonstrated a larger head width than males and both presented greater body size in the wet season. However, there was no interaction between sex and season. A higher food niche breadth was observed in the wet season and low similarity in the use of pollen sources between seasons (PS=39.05%). Thus, it is concluded that the season has no effect on the production of nests or cells, but rather on the body size of males and females and food niche breadth. The production of smaller individuals in the dry season could be related not only to the quantity but also the quality of food offered to immature bees.

1. Recent studies have demonstrated that the richness of pollinators in crop systems can improve productivity due to the effect of functional trait differences between species. These findings reinforce the potential effectiveness of integrated management of both Apis and non‐Apis bees to ensure global crop yields. 2. Thus, we used meta‐analysis techniques to synthesise published literature on crop pollination and verify whether Apis and non‐Apis bees perform equivalent contributions to worldwide crop production considering the differences in both functional traits of these bees and pollination requirements of the crops. We expected that pollination by both Apis and non‐Apis bees would contribute to enhancing all crop production measures (fruit/seed weight, fruit/seed yield, no. fruit/seed, and pollination/fertilisation) independently of levels of pollination dependency. 3. The final database used in the meta‐analysis included 33 published studies, reporting 72 independent pollination experiments of A. mellifera and non‐Apis bees on crop production, including fruits, vegetables, spices, and oil crops. As expected, our results demonstrated that crop production was greater with bee pollination regardless of being provided by Apis or non‐Apis species. We also observed a stronger positive effect on flower pollination/fertilisation and production of crops with essential/great dependency on pollination. 4. The overall analysis of the contribution of Apis and non‐Apis bees to crop production indicated that both groups are essential for the maintenance of agricultural production.