Chemistry Chemical profile, thermodynamic stability and fungicidal activity of the nanoemulsion incorporated with essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & LM.Perry Perfil químico, estabilidade termodinâmica e atividade fungicida da nanoemulsão incorporada com óleo essencial e extrato hidroalcoólico de Syzygium aromaticum (L.

The increase in strains resistant to conventional antifungals means that there is a need for studies related to alternative therapeutic practices, such as medicinal plants. This study aims to evaluate the chemical profile and fungicidal activity of the nanoemulsion of the essential oil obtained from Ba-har (Syrian pepper). The phytochemical profile of the plant material was performed based on the methodology of Matos (2009). For extraction of essential oil, 100g of plant material was used, with the isolation of essential oil by the hydrodistillation technique conducted at 100 °C / 3h. To quantify the total phenolics present in the OE, the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used. For the total flavonoids, the AlCl3 complexation method was used. The oil-in-water nanoemulsion was formulated by the low-energy method of phase inversion using essential oil, non-ionic surfactant and water, and the obtained nanoemulsion was subjected to thermodynamic stability tests. The essential oils and stable nanoemulsions were subjected to evaluation of the fungicidal action against strains of Aspergillus niger (ATCC 6275), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (ATCC 96723) and Penicilium chrysogenum (ATCC 10106). The fungicidal activity was performed according to CLSI (2020) using the Broth Dilution method to obtain the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and sowing on agar for Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (CFM). The results obtained for the total phenolic content were quantified at 348.3 mg EAT g-1 and 346.21 mg EQ g-1 for flavonoids. Ba-har essential oil was more efficient in inhibiting A. niger, as it presented the lowest MIC (200 µg mL-1), followed by P. chrysogenum (250 µg mL-1) and later by C. gloeosporioides (300 µg mL-1). The identification of the secondary metabolites present in Ba-har was quite considerable, since they are responsible for the biological properties, thus inspiring the continuity of studies related to its biological activities. As for the total phenolic content and flavonoids present in the essential oil, they indicated the important antioxidant potential. The fungicidal potential of Ba-har oil showed strong inhibition and mortality, however the nanoemulsion product with the essential oil incorporated showed a more efficient action against the pathogenic fungi tested,

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade larvicida do óleo essencial (OE) e nanoemulsão (O/A) das folhas de Coleus aromaticus Benth (hortelã-grosso). O material vegetal obtido nesta pesquisa foi coletado em Arari (MA) em maio de 2021. Para extração do OE foi utilizada a técnica de hidrodestilação em um sistema extrator de Clevenger modificado. A determinação dos compostos fenólicos totais foi realizada pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu. A atividade antioxidante foi executada pelo método espectrofotométrico de eliminação de radicais hidroxila do ácido salicílico. Para atividade larvicida submeteu-se larvas Aedes aegypti a soluções do OE e nanoemulsões em concentrações de 10-100 mg L-1, onde avaliou-se a mortalidade das larvas e determinou-se a CL50 pelo método de Probit. No ensaio de fenólicos totais, foi quantificado o valor de 350,86 mg EAT g-1, sendo um resultado significativo para presença da classe no óleo essencial. No ensaio de atividade antioxidante foi obtida a CE50 de 195,39 mg L-1 para ação de C. aromaticus sendo classificada como promissora. Observou-se ação do OE como larvicida sendo determinada a CL50 ­­de 3,24 mg L-1, enquanto para nanoemulsão foi observada ação superior em de 1,83 mg L-1. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o OE estudado apresentou atividade larvicida eficiente contra as larvas de Aedes aegypti. Por fim, destaca-se o potencial obtido para o OE e nanoemulsão obtida da espécie em estudo, sendo importante destacar que a nanoemulsão obtida é um bioproduto formulado a partir do óleo essencial com potencial de mercado, sendo importante no controle e combate de casos relacionados ao Aedes aegypti.

No abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of hydroalcoholic extracts from the seeds of Persea americana (avocado) and evaluate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The extracts were obtained by maceration in a 70% PA ethanol extractant solvent in 1:4/1:6/1:8 hydromodules (7 days), with subsequent concentration in a rotaevaporator. The larvicidal activity was performed by the method recommended by the WHO Lethal Concentration 50% against Aedes aegypti larvae with statistics by the Probit method. Toxicity to non-target organisms was verified by the Artemia salina test. Activity was observed against Aedes aegypti larvae with LC50 ranging from 181.72-401.96 mg L-1 with a 95% confidence interval. Finally, it states that the extract of P. americana has potential for larvicidal activity and does not present toxicity to target organisms, showing itself to be a sustainable alternative for the control and combat of Aedes aegypti larvae.