A Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS) aponta estratégias para produzir saúde no âmbito individual e coletivo. Dentre os territórios possíveis para o desenvolvimento de ações, a escola destaca-se como um espaço privilegiado. Este artigo objetiva relatar as experiências durante a realização de ações de educação em saúde bucal desenvolvidas por graduandos e pós-graduandos de Odontologia em um projeto de extensão voltado aos escolares do ensino fundamental. Concluiu-se que a vivência dos acadêmicos junto à comunidade escolar favoreceu a formação generalista e interdisciplinar, o vínculo, a troca de saberes e inovou nas práticas de educação em saúde articuladas com as temáticas prioritárias da PNPS.
Objectives: To understand the dimensions of oral health care of homebound older adults and to develop a preliminary theoretical model that explains how these dimensions are interrelated in the provision of care. Methods: Cross-sectional, qualitative study, based on Grounded Theory. Participants were 37 intentionally selected older adults registered at a Primary Health Care center, Florianópolis (SC), Brazil. Data collection was conducted at home, following an interview script. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by constant comparison. Formulation of the model followed the Glaserian approach. Results: The theoretical model presents the dimensions of oral health care of homebound older adults - who, why, when, how, and where oral health care is provided. Frailties were identified in all dimensions of oral health care, with emphasis on those related to older adults’ living, health, and oral health conditions, compromising dental care provided at home, access to dental services, and presence of the dentist. In combination, these frailties constitute a rupture in the possibilities for oral health care. Conclusions: Strategies for provision of oral health care to homebound older adults should be implemented in each of the dimensions to overcome the frailties identified and promote better oral health conditions and access to dental services.
Objective to characterize the life, health, and oral health conditions of homebound older people registered in the primary care teams and oral homecare provided. Method cross-sectional, household based study with a convenience sample, in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. Data collection through a questionnaire and clinical oral examination which included sociodemographic variables, condition of teeth and mucosa, oral hygiene, access to dental care and dentist providing homecare. Absolute and relative frequency analysis and bivariate analysis (chi-square, CI=95%) were performed. Results 123 older people participated with mean age of 81.3 years, 62.6% were women. Living with a caregiver were 87%, 60% were domiciled for up to 5 years, and 89.4% were frail. Regarding the presence of teeth, 56.1% were edentulous and 40.5% had from 1 to 8 teeth. Root remains were observed in 12.8%, untreated caries lesions in 25.2%, visible biofilm in 69.9%, tooth mobility in 57.7% and mucosal lesions in 8.9% of the elders; 45.5% needed help with oral hygiene and 24.4% did not perform daily mouth cleaning. The difficulty in accessing dental care due to homeboundness was reported by 32.5% and home visits provided by the dentist occurred in only 16.3%. Conclusion the oral health of the older adults studied is poor due to the presence of oral problems that require intervention. There is dependence on third parties for oral care, which is not consistently guaranteed at home. The study points to the need for dental homecare provided by public health services.
Resumo Objetivo caracterizar a condição de vida, saúde e saúde bucal das pessoas idosas domiciliadas cadastradas na atenção primária e os cuidados realizados em domicílio. Método estudo transversal, de base domiciliar com amostra de conveniência, em Florianópolis, sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário e exame clínico, os quais incluíram variáveis sociodemográficas, condição de dentes e mucosa, higiene bucal, acesso a atendimento odontológico e visita de cirurgião-dentista no domicílio. Procedeu-se análise de frequência absoluta e relativa e análise bivariada (qui-quadrado, IC=95%). Resultados participaram 123 idosos com idade média de 81,3 anos, 62,6% eram mulheres. Possuíam cuidador 87%, 60% encontravam-se domiciliados por até 5 anos e 89,4% eram frágeis. Quanto à presença de dentes, 56,1% eram edêntulos e 40,5% possuíam de 1 a 8 dentes. Restos radiculares foram observados em 12,8%, lesão de cárie não tratada em 25,2%, biofilme visível em 69,9%, e lesões na mucosa em 8,9%. Necessitavam de auxílio para higiene bucal 45,5% e não realizavam limpeza diária 24,4%. A dificuldade de acessar atendimento odontológico por estar domiciliado foi relatada por 32,5% e visita do cirurgião-dentista ocorreu em 16,3%. Sexo feminino e menor escolaridade estiveram associados à ausência de dentes e menor força física. Conclusão a saúde bucal das pessoas idosas estudadas é precária pela presença de problemas bucais que demandam intervenção. Há dependência de terceiros para cuidados bucais, que não são garantidos de modo consistente, no domicílio. O estudo aponta necessidade de atendimento odontológico no domicílio no âmbito dos serviços públicos de saúde.
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