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The system of democratic regulation of privately owned utilities that has evolved in the United States over the past century includes five main elements: participation; transparency; a standard of justice and reasonableness; protection against confiscation of utility assets; and prices that are related to costs. After setting these elements forth and explaining how they are balanced, we describe how the system failed in a series of relatively small but highly visible experiments with deregulation in California and elsewhere in the US. Finally, we outline the history of how democratic regulation evolved in the US and how democracy is reversing the failed experiment with deregulation in California.

The aim of this study is to empirically analyze the relationship between accounting information quality and firm performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Time series data on different types of accounting information quality and earnings per share from 2009-2018 were collected from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, annual central bank of Nigeria reports, National Bureau of statistic and Federal Inland Revenue Service. Ordinary Least Square regression analysis, Autoregressive Distribution Lag, Co-integration, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit root test, Serial Correlation and Heteroskedasticity test and Error Correction model with the aid of E-view version 10. The empirical results indicate that accounting information quality significantly relate to firm performance; explaining abut 83.1% of total variation in earnings per share, audit lag and disclosure quality were each found to significantly relate to earnings per share. We therefore conclude that accounting information quality ahs the potency to make significant contribution to earnings per share and recommends that increased scrutiny by regulators (FRCN, CBN, SEC etc) over accounting flexibilities would help to curtail accounting discretions both deliberate and systematic so that accounting information in financial statements will faithfully represent the phenomena they purport to represent and future corporate scandals on oil and gas crises can be avoided.

But knowing the unknown and therefore estimating the relationship between accounting information quality and corporate performance are still a difficult task. The aim of this empirical study is to explore the relationship between the accounting information quality and corporate performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Data on different types of accounting information quality and return on equity were primarily collected from the respondents and analyzed using ordinary least square regression analysis the data with the aid of statistical package for social sciences version 25.0. The empirical result indicates that accounting information quality significantly relate to return n equity; explaining about 85.1% of the total variation in return and equity. Relevance, faithful representation was each found to significantly relate to return on equity. The study empirically conclude that accounting information quality has the potency to make significant contribution to quoted financial performance of oil and gas companies and recommends that having investigated theoretical and empirical issues, also considering the findings and conclusion, the following recommendations were made: There should be need for preparers of accounting information to improve on the accounting information quality devoid of window dressing and creative accounting, regular disclosure, transparency and accountability of such accounting information is required since investors are sensitive to qualitative and quantitative accounting information in assessing the performance of quoted oil companies in and outside Nigeria. Also in line with qualitative and quantitative of accounting information quality, financial statements of quoted oil companies in Nigeria should be prepared and presented according to laid down regulations and ethical standards duly observed to ensure accounting information presented for among users, most and public consumption do represent the oil companies’ economic reality during reported periods.