One- and 2-year-old 'Concord' (Vitis labruscana L.) grapevines were used to study the effect of soil pH on vegetative growth and nutrition. Ninety-eight, own-rooted, 'Concord' grapevines were planted in 94.6-L pots containing vineyard soil adjusted to seven soil pH levels ranging from 3.5 to 7.5. After the first growing season, seven vines from each soil pH treatment were randomly selected, destructively harvested, and measured for root and shoot growth. The remaining 49 vines over-wintered in the pots, were defruited in year two, and were destructively harvested at the end of the second growing season. There was a reduction in root biomass below soil pH of 4.5 and a greater reduction in shoot biomass leading to a higher root: shoot ratio. There were no significant differences in vegetative growth of young 'Concord' vines from a soil pH of 5.0-7.5. However, there was a trend toward lower shoot biomass and higher root: shoot ratio at the highest soil pH level. Phylloxera nodosities on roots were present in equal densities at all soil pH values. However, the negative impact of phylloxera on vine dry mass was greater on vines under nutrient stress at the highest and lowest pH treatments than on those with adequate nutrition at the mid-range soil pH values.

Goals: This report aims to present a clear protocol to (a) deploy proximal canopy sensors into single high-wire trellis Concord (Vitis labruscana cv Bailey) vineyards and (b) to convert the canopy sensor response into an indication of vine size (pruning weight). The protocol is designed to be robust and practical for easy adoption in commercial systems. Evidence will be presented of the efficacy of vine size prediction using the protocol in multiple research and commercial vineyards. Key Findings: Using different vineyards and pruning crews the protocol performed well in over 80 % of vineyards. It permitted growers to generate maps of actual vine size within vineyards. These maps provide a valuable indication of the current site-specific production potential and a baseline to assess changes in vine size over time. In a few vineyards, the proposed simplified calibration process did not generate a clear relationship between the canopy response and vine size, which may be due to changes

A mature Concord vineyard of 15 acres with a known history of GBM infestation was used for insecticide evaluations. The vineyard rows were 9 ft apart and the vines set at 8 ft apart within the row. Each treatment consisted of 45 vines (3 rows × 15 vines) and was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays with a hooded boom over-the-row sprayer operated at 500 psi, and equipped with 7 nozzles/boom on each side with No. 2-1/2 (mm) discs and 3-hole whirl plates. From 2 to 6 applications were made between 21 Jun and 11 Aug. The conventional 3-spray regimen for control of GBM, comprising treatments of postbloom, 10 d postbloom, and early Aug, was evaluated and contrasted with alternative application timings. Cover sprays consisting of a tank mix of triademefon (Bayleton) at 1 oz. AI and maneb (Dithane M-22) at 1.5 lb Al/acre were applied to all plots on 15 Jun and 7 Jul to suppress powdery mildew, black rot, and downy mildew. Injury assessment was made on 6 Sep and was based on the number of berries injured by GBM larvae per 100 clusters in each replication (10 clusters from 10 vines/replication). Carbaryl SOS applied at 2 lb AI and Parathion 8EC applied at 9 oz AI were the standards. GBM infestation in the block was considered average or slightly above average in 1988. The threshold for GBM damage is 2% damaged berries.

A mature Concord’ vineyard of 15 acres size with a known history of GBM infestation, located in Fredonia, NY, was used for the evaluations. The vineyard rows were 9 ft apart and the vines set at 8 ft apart within the row. Seven different non-conventional insecticides were tested along with 3 conventional insecticides. Each treatment consisted of 45 vines (3 rows X 15 vines) and was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as dilute (100 gal/acre) foliar sprays with a hooded boom over-the-row sprayer operated at 400 psi. Two to 6 sprays were made (per treatment) between 15 Jun (Bloom) and 16 Aug 1990. Injury assessments were made on 5-6 Sep 1990, on the number of berries injured by GBM larvae per 100 clusters in each replication (10 clusters from 10 vines per replication). Sevin 50 WP (two sprays) applied at 4 lb product and Penncap-m (two sprays) applied at 4 pt product were the standards. Cover sprays, consisting of a tank mix of triademefon (Bayleton) at 1 oz AI/A and maneb (Dithane M-22) at 1.5 lb AI/A, were applied to all plots on 15 Jun and 7 Jul to suppress powdery mildew, black rot, and downy mildew. Injury assessment was made on 5-6 Sep based on the number of berries injured by GBM larvae per 100 clusters in each replication (10 clusters from 10 vines per replication).