This paper utilises and extends Henri Lefebvre's ideas about rhythmanalysis to explore the rhythmic qualities of taking a coach tour. The paper investigates the Ring of Kerry tour in the West of Ireland and reveals both the reproduction and disturbance, through itinerary and narratives of the coach drivers, of anticipated discourses and visual indexes of commodified Irishness. Central to the paper is the ordering of different rhythmic assemblages, which connect and disconnect in multiple ways. It is argued that the rhythmic multiplicity of coach tours involve entanglements of embodiment, affective registers, technologies and materialities. The paper reveals how the myriad tempos and rhythms of the tour take on different consistencies and intensities at different stages of the journey, and investigates the capacities of these rhythms to affect and be affected by the pulse of the spaces moved through and stopped at. In so doing, a supplemented rhythmanalysis is suggested as a productive approach for apprehending tourist spaces, practices and landscapes.
This article describes a novel implementation of a response to intervention (RTI) model at the elementary school level, with particular focus on the role of the school counselor. The RTI process was used with all K-2 students as a way of delivering research-based best practice to all students, and as a way of documenting the educational progress of students identified as at risk for school problems. A member of the development and implementation team, the school counselor collected data to estimate the impact of the model on student progress after the first year of data collection. The article also shares implications for the role of the elementary school counselor.
This research seeks to furthering understandings of how Tour Guides interpret memories at heritage sites when the memories at issue are difficult yet subtle and not always apparent to tourists. Specifically, it explores how Dublin Castle, formerly the seat of British rule in Ireland, is captured in narratives presented to tourists that often include Britons. Representing the site is made challenging because some visitors have little knowledge of the site's history, while others are well informed and hold strong political views. The findings show that Guides select largely depoliticized narratives, strongly influenced by their personal interests and experiences. Some hint at underlying tensions that only tourists alert to the complexities of the site might capture. Dominant narratives can be challenged by tourists with an interest in, or allegiance to, particular historical or political beliefs, leading to emotional engagements. Some tourists, unaware of the complexities of the site, can encounter a more multi-layered and complex experience than perhaps envisaged. The study affirms the co-production evident in Tour Guiding narratives and points to the need for further research into how the variously empowered agencies of both the Guide and the tourist produce a constant shifting and re-working of memory.
A primary concern for policy makers and academics alike has to be the development of tourism areas. Butler's (1980) article is concerned with this very issue and he develops a model which charts the development of a typical tourism area. There are many lessons to be learnt from this view of a path of development, but what is most interesting are the dynamics of this development. What is it that makes a tourism area move through the six stages? What is it that makes some resorts rejuvenate and others decline? Butler outlines these triggers as 'innovations in areas such as transportation, and in marketing as well as initiatives at the local and subsequently regional, national and international levels by developers' (Butler, 2000:290). This chapter briefly reviews some of the attempts that have been made at modelling tourism development and explaining its development, and concludes that an important stakeholder has been omitted from these models. It then goes on to use the industrial district approach to incorporate the vital role of small firms in the development of tourism areas.Butler is not the only one to have developed tourism development models. Many other less well known theories have been developed and each has concentrated on the importance of a particular factor for the successful development of tourism areas. For example Gormsen (1981) highlights the importance of local participation and local control, Miossec (1976) emphasises the importance of transport hierarchies, speciality and co-operation, and Lundgren (1982) concentrates on the physical attributes of the area.More recent work by Ritchie and Crouch (2003) takes a much broader perspective and develops a model of tourism destination competitiveness. They concentrate on five broad areas including supporting factors and resources, core resources and attractors, destination management, destination policy, planning and development, and qualifying and amplifying determinants.This brief overview of the literature which develops models of tourism development shows a glaring omission. What the existing models have in common is the focus on the tourist and resources and to a lesser extent the importance of local community involvement. A vital stakeholder in the tourism area and product has been ignored and that is the firms. That said it must be noted that in Ritchie and Crouch's (2003) grounded approach they have relied extensively on the views of industry in developing their model, yet the firms don't appear as an important element in the model. Lewis's (1998) work does accredit individual business owners and entrepreneurs for a great deal of the tourism development in the community and also notes the important role of community leaders but while this is identified as an issue in-depth analysis of this contribution is not undertaken.It is in this vein of research that this chapter is concerned. Industrial district theory, developed in the economic geography literature, explains the economic success of an area by factors such as the geographical and sector...
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