Background: Bacteria causing respiratory infections tend to rapidly increase antibiotic resistance, prolong treatment time, increase treatment costs and increase mortality. Objectives: 1). To determine the proportion of bacterial strains isolated from sputum specimens; 2). To describe the antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains isolated from sputum specimens. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 96 patients with positive sputum cultures using convenient sampling method. Results: Streptococcus pneumoniae (44.8%)  was  found  to  be  the  predominant pathogen isolated followed  by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (13.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%). The highest resistance was observed with piperacillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, cefaclor, azithromycin. Streptococcus pneumonia isolated were mostly resistant to azithromycin, cefaclor, and erythromycin (85.7%), while  0% resistance  was  observed  for vancomycin, ampicillin and gentamycin. Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly resistant to ampicillin (95%), trimeth/sulfa (85%), and piperacillin (85%). Acinetobacter baumannii had a resistant rate of over 50% to most antibiotics, especially gentamycin and meropenem (84.6%). Staphylococcus aureus were completely resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, penicillin, while vancomycin resistance was observed among 12.5% of the isolated bacteria. Conclusions: The most common pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest resistance was observed with piperacillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, cefaclor, and azithromycin. Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly resistant to macrolides. Klebsiella pneumoniae was highly resistant to most antibiotics of the 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporins and beta lactams (penicillin and monobactam). Acinetobacter baumannii showed a noticeable resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and 4th generation cephalosporins. Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to penicillin, lincosamides, fluoroquinolone, while 12.5% vancomycin resistance was observed.

Background: Understanding the characteristics and prevalence of each bacterial agent in the survey of specimens can guide the development of research and treatment priorities for clinicians. Objectives: 1). To determine the positive culture rate from patient samples at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from July 2021 to December 2021; 2). To determine the percentage of bacteria isolated from patient samples at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from July 2021 to December 2021. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on patient samples. Bacterial agents causing infections were isolated and identified from patient samples. Results: After culturing all the samples for 6 months and defining the positive ones, we got the general positive rate was 38.35%, and the positive culture rate of pus samples was the highest (68.49%), while the positive culture rate of blood and pleural fluid samples was the lowest (with 5.24% and 3.22%, respectively). Among the isolates, S. aureus accounted for the highest rate (28.3%), S. pneumoniae (16.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (13.2%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%), E. coli (9.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.2%), Acinetobacter spp. (6%), Citrobacter spp. (3.8%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (0.8%), Enterobacter spp. (0.8%), and Burkholderia (0.4%); The gram-positive bacteria group predominated with the rate of 59%, 1.45 times higher than that of the gram-negative bacteria group (accounting for 41%); Gram-positive bacteria predominated in pus, sputum and other fluid specimens, while gram-negative bacteria predominate in urine specimens. Conclusion: The positive culture rate was 38.35%. Of all the bacteria isolated, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for the highest proportion (28.3%), in contrast, Burkholderia accounted for the lowest percentage (0.4%).

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