No abstract

From 2012 to 2021, prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia in wild rodents captured in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan was investigated twice a year to clarify the ecology of this pathogen in wild rodent populations. Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O8 was isolated from 13 (1.7%) of 755 wild rodents.The Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates harbored three virulent genes (ail, fyuA, and virF). This pathogen was isolated repeatedly from wild rodents in April 2015, 2016, and 2017, in June and November 2020, and in April 2021, which was 6 of 19 times of observations. All Y. enterocolitica O8 isolates showed the same PFGE patterns. These results indicated that the same clone of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 has been maintained in wild rodent populations in Fukushima Prefecture. Therefore, wild rodent populations contribute substantially to the continuous transmission of Y. enterocolitica O8 and its persistence in the ecosystem. This is the first report on the isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O8 in wild rodents in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

Objectives: To assess the prior knowledge of teaching methods among nurse lecturers before participating in the train-of-trainer workshop, namely “Covid-19 and Nursing Education: Strengthening nurse lecturers’ teaching capacities and learning environments for the new nornal”. Subjects and methods: A cross - sectional study was used to assess the knowledge of teaching methods of all nurse lectures from five nursing schools. An online survey, which had 25 items related to 05 topics in the workshop, was developed. Results: 26 nurse lecturers completed this online survey. The results of the pre-test survey showed that the average score of knowledge about teaching methods was 12 (± 2.8) with the possible score ranged from 0 - 25 points. Only 02 lecturers correctly answered 19 questions out of a total of 25 questions. The most incorrect answers were given by the lecturers in the knowledge area about debriefing techniques in simulation training and peer support methods. Conclusion: The initial results of knowledge regarding teaching methods indicated the need of conducting the training program for nurse lecturers. The study outcome has potential application based on its series of training workshops, teaching demonstration and a combination of quantitative and qualitative evaluation on the effectiveness of the training program.