No abstract

From the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Callerya speciosa (Champ.) Schot. collected in Vietnam, a new oleanane triterpenoid, 22β-acetoxy-3β,24-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (1), along with three known compounds, medicarpin (2), maackiain (3), and β-sitosterol (4), were obtained. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

Chirita drakei Burtt (now accepted as Primulina drakei (B.L.Burtt) Mich.Möller & A.Weber) is growing on limestone mountain slopes of Ha Long Bay islands in Vietnam. The chemical investigation of the aerial parts of C. drakei led to the isolation and structural elucidation of two new compounds named chiridrakoside A (1) and chiridrakoside B (2) besides twelve known compounds comprising five phenylethanoid glycosides (3-7), two lignans (8, 9), a phenyl propanoid (10), an anthraquinone (11), a furan derivative (12) and two triterpenes (13, 14). All described compounds, except 4, 5 and 11, were obtained for the first time from the genera Chirita or Primulina. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against the four human cancer cell lines KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), Lu (lung carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast carcinoma). Epoxyconiferyl alcohol (10) exhibited cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines (IC 50 from 46 to 128 µM).

Vietnam is a promising laboratory to examine the effect of monetary loosening policy on corporate dividend decisions due to the following reasons: (1) Vietnamese government conducts monetary loosening policy continuously between 2007 and 2017; (2) the monetary policy relies mainly on money supply; and (3) credit channel is the dominant monetary transmission channel. With a research data including 4,493 observations from 2008 to 2017, we find that both the choice to pay dividends and dividend payout ratio are positively affected by money supply and this effect is mitigated by corporate cash holdings. In addition, money supply is positively related to speed of dividend adjustment.