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The interaction effects of different fertilisation regimes and weather variability on crop yield is a challenge that requires long-term investigation. Therefore, yield data for spring barley (SB) in an agricultural long-term field experiment, established in 1963 in Müncheberg, northeast Germany, were analysed to reveal the effects of 21 fertiliser regimes and different weather conditions on SB yields. SB yields were significantly affected by fertilisation regimes (11%), annual weather conditions (55%) and their interaction effect (8%). Mineral N fertilization decreased overall yield variability across seasons as compared to no fertilization and organic fertilization regimes showed higher yield variability. A suitable combined application of mineral nitrogen and organic fertiliser was found to be an effective way to produce higher SB yields than the application of either mineral nitrogen or organic fertiliser alone. A Bayesian linear regression model showed total precipitation during the growing season (April-July) positively affected on SB yields when high mineral N was supplied. At the early growth stage, a precipitation rate (March) and temperature (April or sowing day) negatively affected on SB yield.

Stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, seriously damages groundnut production in central Vietnam. Biological control is a promising strategy for sustainable groundnut cultivation. In this study, indigenous bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of groundnut and tested for fungal inhibition against S. rolfsii in vitro and disease control under net house condition. Genetic diversity of isolated bacterial population was evaluated by BOX-PCR and 16S rDNA sequences. Bacterial strains that showed high disease control in net house were evaluated under natural conditions in farmer fields. The antifungal mechanism of the best bacterial strain was identified. Results of the study showed that the antagonistic bacterial population in groundnut rhizosphere is separated in three bacterial genera including Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. One bacterial strain which produces 2,4-DAPG reduced stem rot of groundnut caused by S. rolfsii and increased yield from 20.3 to 26.3% compared to the control.

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