The surveys are collected on a quarterly basis, resulting in four waves per year. We use all waves available.Unfortunately, there is no urban/rural information in the EUS for the years 2008 and 2014, so we cannot remove rural households as we do in all other countries. In any case, urbanization rates are very high in Jordan, in the period considered. According to the vii

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An improved photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials using incorporation of the noble metals such as Ag, Au, and Pt is a promising technology. In this study, Ag nanoparticle-TiO 2 nanotube structures (Ag-TNTs) have been investigated as a photocatalyst in different irradiation conditions using different characterization techniques. The results indicate that Ag nanoparticles dispersed uniformly on the TNTs' surface without any change in TNTs' morphology. In addition, Ag-TNTs exhibited lower photoactivity than the TNTs under UV irradiation. In contrast, Ag-TNTs increased the photoactivity in comparison with TNTs and the photocatalytic performance under sunlight irradiation. These phenomena could be contributed to the appearance of Ag nanoparticles on the nanotube surface.