Background: Cellulytic enzymes including Carboxymethyl cellulases play the key role in hydrolysis of cellulose, a huge organic carbon reservoir on earth, into monomeric sugars and their eventual conversion into valuable chemicals and energy sources. Objectives: In this study, we described the identification of a basidiomycete isolate NDVN01 and optimization of culture conditions and medium components for CMCase production by this strain under liquid state fermentation. The CMCase was estimated as 32 -33 kDa on a native Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Materials and Methods: We used 5 basidiomycetes for screening CMCase production, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis in combination with morphology for strain identification, and liquid state fermentation for optimization of CMCase production. Results:The maximum CMCase production by Peniophora sp. NDVN01 was obtained at 28 °C, with the initial medium pH of 7 and within 120 hours of cultivation in the optimum medium containing 80 % (v/v) of potato infusion, 0.6 % (w/v) straw rice as additional carbon source and 0.2 % (w/v) ammonium hydrogen phosphate as an additional nitrogen source, and 0.5 % (w/v) pulp as inducer. Conclusions: Under optimal conditions, Peniophora sp. NDVN01 produced 24.65 ± 0.37 units of CMCase per mL of culture supernatant, which was 8.6 times higher than the amount (2.87 ± 0.28 U.mL

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Molybdenum is widely used in many materials; thus, its recovery from ores and secondary resources has attracted considerable attention. In this study, the leaching of molybdenite ore using hydrochloric acid containing sodium chlorate as an oxidizing agent was studied. The effects of several variables, such as the concentrations of HCl and NaClO 3 , reaction temperature and time, and pulp density, on the leaching of the ore were investigated. Under strong acidic and oxidizing conditions, the sulfide in the ore was dissolved as a sulfate ion, which formed gypsum with Ca(II), leading to a decrease in the leaching percentage of Mo(VI) from the ore. The leaching percentage of molybdenum was greater than 90%, while those of iron, calcium, and silicon were 38, 29, and 67%, respectively, under the optimum conditions: 2.0 M HCl, 0.5 M NaClO 3 , pulp density of 5 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, and treatment time of 60 min.

The smelting reduction of spent lithium-ion batteries results in metallic alloys containing Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Si. A process to separate metal ions from the sulfuric acid leaching solution of these metallic alloys has been reported. In this process, ionic liquids are employed to separate Fe(III) and Cu(II). In this study, D2EHPA and Cyanex 301 were employed to replace these ionic liquids. Fe(III) and Cu(II) from the sulfate solution were sequentially extracted using 0.5 M D2EHPA with three stages of cross-current and 0.3 M Cyanex 301. The stripping of Fe(III) and Cu(II) from the loaded phases was performed using 50% (v/v) and 60% (v/v) aqua regia solutions, respectively. The mass balance results from this process indicated that the recovery and purity percentages of the metals were greater than 99%.

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