To date, a large number of photosensitizers (PS) have introduced heavy atoms to improve the ISC process and 1O2 generation. However, they often show low efficiency in hypoxic conditions, aggregate states, and turn-off PDT in the dark. Besides that, the toxicity of heavy metals is also concerned. Therefore, we developed lysosome-targeted heavy-metal-free PS (3S and 4S) based on thionated naphthalimide for hypoxic cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), not only under white light but also in the dark via thermal-induced 1O2 generation. AIEgen (3O and 4O) were prepared for studying the PDT action of PSs (3S and 4S) in lysosome and aggregate state. We also examined the photophysical properties of AIEgen (3O and 4O) and PS (3S and 4S) by UV–vis absorption, fluorescent emission spectra, and theoretical calculations.

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) architectures are gaining popularity over traditional ones for building open, distributed, and evolving software. Since the fundamental concepts of multiagent systems are social and intentional rather than object, functional, or implementationoriented, the design of MAS architectures should be eased by using what we call social patterns rather than object-oriented design patterns. Social patterns are idioms inspired by social and intentional characteristics used to design the details of a system architecture. The paper presents a framework called SKWYRL used to gain insight into social patterns and help design a MAS architecture in terms of these new idioms. The framework is integrated in the TROPOS agent methodology. It is developed according to the five modeling dimensions provided by TROPOS: social, intentional, structural, communicational, and dynamic. We consider the Broker social pattern as a combination of patterns and use it to illustrate the modeling dimensions of SKWYRL. A framework for code generation is also presented as well as an e-business broker module.

Requirements are input for the process of building software. Depending on the development methodology, they are usually classified into several subclasses of requirements. Traditional approaches distinguish between functional and non-functional requirements and the modern goal-based approaches use hard-goals and soft-goals to describe requirements. While non-functional requirements are known also as quality requirements, neither hard-goals nor softgoals are equivalent to quality requirements. Due to the abstractness of quality requirements, they are usually described as soft-goals but soft-goals are not necessarily quality requirements. In this paper, we propose a way to clear the problematic ambiguity between soft-goals and quality requirements in goal-based context. We try to reposition the notion of quality requirement in the relations to hard-goals and soft-goals. This allows us to decompose a soft-goal into a set of hard-goals (required functions) and quality requirements (required qualities of function). The immediate applications of this analysis are quality-aware development methodologies for multi-agent systems among which QTropos is an example.

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