Male, 34-years-old, developed a rapidly progressive heart failure four years ago, resulting from a left ventricular (LV) noncompaction cardiomyopathy according to findings from magnetic resonance angiography. The initial electrocardiogram (Fig. 1) showed a first-degree AV block, left ventricular and left atrial overload and left bundle branch block, with SÂT at +30°, and biphasic T waves in D1 and V6. Recently, after a viral infection of the respiratory tract he presented with a severe exertional limitation. Doppler echocardiogram (Fig. 2) demonstrated diffuse hypokinesia and a significant decrease in LV ejection fraction (0.38) with mild mitral regurgitation, final LV diastolic diameter of 6.3cm and final systolic diameter of 5.1 cm, in addition to detecting the characteristic trabeculations in the internal face of the septal-apical myocardium with Key wordsLeft bundle branch block, circumferential subendocardial ischemia, non-compacted myocardium. intratrabecular blood flow. ECG (Figure 3) showed a higher degree of aberrant ventricular activation and significant T wave inversion in anterolateral and inferior walls, with a diametrically opposed SÂT at -145°. CommentsThe electrocardiographic concept of circumferential subendocardial ischemia because of SÂT displacement to the right upper quadrant in the three-vessel coronary artery disease or the like, indicative of a sudden increase in LV end-diastolic pressure, may be pertinent to this form of cardiomyopathy, for which information on ECG alterations is scarce.
Rheumatic fever and subsequent rheumatic heart disease remain high in areas with high levels of poverty as in our country as in Pernambuco State, northeast of the Brasil. Clinical aspects peculiar to the disease, once easily found in rich countries, are still present in our infirmaries, including curious alterations in the electrocardiogram. Elongated QTc and cardiac arrhythmias can be recorded in about 30% of acute cases, with the possibility of sudden death. Cardiac surgery imposes itself for the cure of heart failure rebel against newly introduced drugs in medical practice.
Avaliados gêmeos univitelinos, sexo masculino, com 10 anos de idade, que compareceram ao Serviço de Cardiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da UFPE, para esclarecimento de sopro cardíaco, verificado nos dois por pediatra. Há oito meses, o gêmeo A, único sintomático, apresentava palpitações freqüentes, mesmo em repouso. No exame clínico cardiovascular do 1° (gêmeo A), foram detectados estalido meso-sistólico intenso e sopro sistólico tardio em área mitral; no 2° (gêmeo B), havia discreto sopro sistólico na mesma área. O eletrocardiograma do gêmeo A (fig. 1) revelou freqüência cardíaca de 125 bpm e bloqueio completo de ramo direito, enquanto que no gêmeo B, o traçado foi normal (fig. 2). O estudo ecodopplercardiográfico detectou espessamento discreto da valva mitral, com prolapso da cúspide anterior no gêmeo A e de ambasFig. 2 -Gêmeo B. Traçado eletrocardiográfico normal para a idade.Fig. 1 -Gêmeo A. Eletrocardiograma mostrando taquicardia sinusal e bloqueio completo de ramo direito.as cúspides, no gêmeo B; somente no gêmeo A, foi registrada regurgitação valvar discreta.Comentários: Dois ensinamentos emergem deste(s) caso(s): a) a possibilidade de discordância clínico-eletrocardiográfica em gêmeos idênticos, portadores de uma mesma síndrome, muito embora apenas em um deles (A) tenha sido constatada insuficiência mitral; b) o encontro de bloqueio completo de ramo direito nesse mesmo indivíduo, de fato o único enfermo, com ausculta cardíaca mais ruidosa, revelando eventual conexão entre prolapso da valva mitral e distúrbio de condução à direita, sabendo-se que a origem do ramo direito se situa no lado esquerdo do septo interventricular (Moffa PJ, 2002).
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