Background C ommonly used drugs in pregnant women include antihypertensives, hypoglycemic agents, analgesics, antimicrobials, antiemetics and antispasmodics but the use of medicines during pregnancy, especially in high-risk pregnancy, may be associated with high risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). The objective of this study was to determine the risk of an adverse drug reaction in hospitalized high-risk pregnant women and the factors associated with their occurrence. Methods The study received IRB approval and all patients gave written informed consent. Observational cohort study conducted from September 2015 to November 2016 in 1070 pregnant women consecutively admitted to the high risk sector of the University Maternity Januário Cicco in Brazil. ADR were detected through daily active search. Risk factors for the occurrence of ADR were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results The mean age of the study population was 26.2 ± 7.2 years and gestational age was 31.2 ± 7.2 weeks. The average number of previous pregnancies was 2.4 ± 1.8 and 46.4% reported cases of previous abortion/miscarriage. ADR were observed in 10.7% of women. The main medicines involved, with the incidence rate of ADR per 100 prescriptions of the drug (IR), were parenteral scopolamine (IR 14.9%), methyldopa (IR 15.9%), insulin (IR 8.46%), oral scopolamine (IR 3.58%), captopril (IR 2.38%) and ceftriaxone (IR 18.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that only gestational age in weeks (odds-ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.95–0.98) was related to the occurrence of adverse reactions. Conclusion Lower gestational age is a risk factor for high-risk pregnant women, increasing the likelihood of adverse reactions, with parenteral medications being those that have the highest potential risk of harm. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2321-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Objective: To characterize severe potential drug interactions in maternal intensive care, and to determine their frequency, risk factors and potential risk medications. Methods: An observational and longitudinal study conducted between December 2014 and December 2015 in a maternal intensive care unit. Clinical data were collected and severe potential drug interactions were identified on pregnant inpatients. The drug interactions were classified by type, prevalence and exposure rate. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the severe potential drug interactions and the related drugs (p<0.05). Results: A total of 95.1% of patients were exposed to, at least, one potential drug interaction; in that, 91.7% 33.9% were related to, respectively, moderate and severe potential drug interactions. The patients were exposed, on average, on 69.2% of days they were in the intensive care unit. The main drugs involved in more severe drug interactions were magnesium sulfate, metoclopramide, propranolol and diazepam. Conclusion: The severe potential drug interactions were observed in almost all patients of the study, and, approximately one third of those interactions were related to greater severity and resulted in exposure during long hospital stay. The higher number of prescribed drugs and its previous use of medications at home increase the occurrence of severe potential drug interactions.
Resumo: Introdução: Erros de medicação são comuns e causam sofrimento e custos que podem ser evitados. A mitigação da ocorrência de eventos adversos a medicamentos é tratada como prioridade pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), que recomenda a inclusão do tema segurança do paciente nos currículos das profissões de saúde como medida para minimizar danos aos pacientes. Um curso on-line aberto e massivo (MOOC) sobre segurança no processo de medicação foi desenvolvido como estratégia educacional para a área da saúde e disponibilizado no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem do Sistema Único de Saúde (Avasus), em março de 2018. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a satisfação e o aprendizado dos participantes que concluíram o curso. Método: Trata-se de estudo de delineamento quase experimental não controlado. O MOOC possui uma carga horária de 30 horas e aborda temas sobre segurança na prescrição, dispensação, administração e notificação de incidentes relacionados a medicamentos. Aplicaram-se um pré-teste e um pós-teste de múltipla escolha para avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos participantes, e um questionário de satisfação foi respondido ao término do curso. Analisaram-se a confiabilidade dos instrumentos de medida, a significância da melhoria do conhecimento e os fatores associados (sexo, idade e profissão). Resultados: Dos 7.135 participantes inscritos no período de março a dezembro de 2018, 2.902 (40,7%) responderam aos instrumentos de pesquisa. A confiabilidade do questionário de satisfação foi boa (alfa de Cronbach = 0,83), e o curso foi bem avaliado como estratégia educacional (96,1%). Em relação ao nível de conhecimento, observou-se aumento significativo (antes = 8,10; depois = 8,74; p < 0,05) com melhoria relativa de 32%. O fator idade esteve diretamente associado à aprendizagem (β = 1,36; IC 95% = 0,35-2,36; p = 0,008). Conclusão: A utilização do MOOC mostrou-se efetiva para o ensino de segurança no processo de medicação, ferramenta que pode ser utilizada para a inserção do tema segurança do paciente nos currículos das profissões de saúde.
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