ObjectiveTo analyzed the association of quality of life and compliance to drug treatment in chronic kidney disease patients.MethodsThe Short Form Health Survey was used to evaluate the quality of life of these patients, and the therapeutic complexity index was verified. The Morisky-Green test and the Brief Medication Questionnaire were applied to check compliance to drug therapy.ResultsA total of 197 patients were included. The Morisky-Green test and Brief Medication Questionnaire showed that most patients had low compliance to treatment (50.3% and 80.6%, respectively). Compliance was highly associated with gender (male) and slightly associated with complexity of therapy, mental health, and social aspects.ConclusionWe observed a slight association between compliance to pharmacotherapy and quality of life and complexity of therapy, and a strong association with gender.