RESUMO:O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as perdas de solo, matéria orgânica (MO) e nutrientes (P, K, Ca e Mg) por erosão, em área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar, cuja palhada é mantida sobre a superfície do solo, localizada em Catanduva -SP, sob um Argissolo Vermelho--Amarelo. Em parcelas experimentais, com 0 (CS 0 ), 50 (CS 50 ) e 100% (CS 100 ) de cobertura sobre a superfície do solo, aplicou-se chuva simulada com intensidade de 60 mm h -1 , durante 65 minutos. Análises do sedimento erodido indicaram taxas de enriquecimento da seguinte ordem: 2,7 a 1,9 (MO), 3,8 a 2,7 (P), 1,3 a 1,7 (K), 3,9 a 3,6 (Ca) e 2,9 a 2,6 (Mg) vezes em relação ao solo original para CS 0 e CS 50 , respectivamente. A CS 50 propiciou controle significativo da erosão de 69%, mas não reduziu a concentração de MO e nutrientes no sedimento erodido. A CS 100 foi significativamente eficiente no controle da erosão (89%) e na redução das concentrações de MO (69%), P (88%), K (23%), Ca (74%) e Mg (75%) no sedimento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:processo erosivo, simulação de chuva, cobertura do solo. SOIL AND NUTRIENTS LOSSES OF AN ALFISOL WITH SUGARCANE CROP RESIDUE ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to determine the losses of soil, organic matter (OM) and nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg) caused by erosion in an area cultivated with sugarcane containing controlled amount of crop residues in soil surface, in Catanduva city, São Paulo State, Brazil. The soil at the experimental site is an Alfisol. Test plots were 0 (CS 0 ), 50 (CS 50 ) and 100% (CS 100 ) of crop residues cover, submitted to simulated rainfall simulated of 60 mm h -1 , during 65 minutes. Analyses of the eroded sediment indicate an enrichment ratio of 2.7 -1.9 (OM), 3.8 -2.7 (P), 1.3 -1.7 (K), 3.9 -3.6 (Ca), and 2.9 -2.6 (Mg) times in relation to the CS 0 and CS 50 , respectively. The CS 50 was more efficient for controlling the erosion processes in 69%, but not for the reduction of the OM and nutrients losses in the eroded sediment. On the other hand, CS 100 was efficient for erosion control of 89% and in the reduction of OM (69%), P (88%), K (23%), Ca (74%) and Mg (75%) in the eroded sediment.
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