Materials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated exceptional structural variety and complexity and can be synthesized using low‐cost scalable methods. Although the inherent instability and low electrical conductivity of MOFs are largely responsible for their low uptake for catalysis and energy storage, a superior alternative is MOF‐derived metal‐based derivatives (MDs) as these can retain the complex nanostructures of MOFs while exhibiting stability and electrical conductivities of several orders of magnitude higher. The present work comprehensively reviews MDs in terms of synthesis and their nanostructural design, including oxides, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides, carbides, transition metals, and other minor species. The focal point of the approach is the identification and rationalization of the design parameters that lead to the generation of optimal compositions, structures, nanostructures, and resultant performance parameters. The aim of this approach is to provide an inclusive platform for the strategies to design and process these materials for specific applications. This work is complemented by detailed figures that both summarize the design and processing approaches that have been reported and indicate potential trajectories for development. The work is also supported by comprehensive and up‐to‐date tabular coverage of the reported studies.

MOF‐Derived Materials Despite the instability and low electrical conductivity of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal‐based derivatives (MDs) retain the intricate nanostructures of MOFs while boasting improved stability and significantly higher electrical conductivities. In article number 2210166, Thibault De Villenoisy and co‐workers delve into the nanostructural design of MDs, discussing various established and potential future materials, and also identifying and rationalizing design parameters with the aim to guide optimal composition and performance.