Experimental support is found for the multiband model of the superconductivity in the recently discovered system MgB2 with the transition temperature Tc = 39 K. By means of Andreev reflection evidence is obtained for two distinct superconducting energy gaps. The sizes of the two gaps (∆S = 2.8 meV and ∆L = 7 meV) are respectively smaller and larger than the expected weak coupling value. Due to the temperature smearing of the spectra the two gaps are hardly distinguishable at elevated temperatures but when a magnetic field is applied the presence of two gaps can be demonstrated close to the bulk Tc in the raw data.PACS numbers: 74.50.+r, 74.60.Ec, Two decades of the boom in the field of superconductivity has recently been boosted by the surprising discovery of superconductivity in MgB 2 [1]. In contrast to the cuprates, the first tunneling [2][3][4] and point-contact [5,6] spectroscopy measurements have unequivocally shown that this system is a s-wave superconductor and isotope effects [7,8] have pointed towards a phonon mechanism. However, the size of the superconducting energy gap has remained unclear. We report here on experimental support for the multiband model of superconductivity recently proposed by Liu et al. [9] thus showing that MgB 2 belongs to an original class of superconductors in which two distinct 2D and 3D Fermi surfaces contribute to superconductivity. Indeed, our point-contact spectroscopy experiments clearly show the existence of two distinct superconducting gaps with ∆ S (0) = 2.8 meV and ∆ L (0) = 7 meV. Both gaps close near to the bulk transition temperature T c = 39 K. Our measurements in magnetic field show directly in the raw data the presence of two superconducting gaps at all temperatures up to the same bulk transition T c indicating that the two gaps are inherent to the superconductivity in MgB 2 .Although quite scattered, the first spectroscopy measurements [2-6,10] yielded to superconducting gap values surprisingly smaller than the BCS weak coupling limit 2∆/kT c = 3.52. Moreover simultaneous topographic imaging and quasiparticle density of states mapping [11] revealed substantial inhomogeneities at the surface of the sample as well as a large scattering of the energy gap values measured at different parts of the polycrystalline sample (with ∆ ranging from 3 to 7.5 meV). This energy gap distribution can be caused by sample inhomogeneities. However, Giubileo et al. also observed a superposition of two gaps (∆ S (0) = 3.9 meV and ∆ L (0) = 7.5 meV) in some of their local tunneling spectra. The same inhomogeneity argument could of course also explain such a superposition but a much more attractive scenario would be a two-gap model. Such a model has been first developed by Suhl et al. [12] in the case of overlapping s-an d-bands in conventional superconductors (such as V, Nb, Ta). Experimental evidence for the existence of two band superconductivity was obtained by tunneling spectroscopy in Nb-doped SrTiO 3 [13]. A similar model has been recently proposed by Liu et al. for MgB 2 . It ...

The three central phenomena of cuprate superconductors are linked by a common doping p*, where the enigmatic pseudogap phase ends, around which the superconducting phase forms a dome, and at which the resistivity exhibits an anomalous linear dependence on temperature as T → 0 (ref. 1). However, the

Although crystals are usually quite stable, they are sensitive to a disordered environment: even an infinitesimal amount of impurities can lead to the destruction of crystalline order. The resulting state of matter has been a long-standing puzzle. Until recently it was believed to be an amorphous state in which the crystal would break into 'crystallites'. But a different theory predicts the existence of a novel phase of matter: the so-called Bragg glass, which is a glass and yet nearly as ordered as a perfect crystal. The 'lattice' of vortices that contain magnetic flux in type II superconductors provide a good system to investigate these ideas. Here we show that neutron-diffraction data of the vortex lattice provides unambiguous evidence for a weak, power-law decay of the crystalline order characteristic of a Bragg glass. The theory also predicts accurately the electrical transport properties of superconductors; it naturally explains the observed phase transitions and the dramatic jumps in the critical current associated with the melting of the Bragg glass. Moreover, the model explains experiments as diverse as X-ray scattering in disordered liquid crystals and the conductivity of electronic crystals.