This study contributes to the existing literature on energy poverty and food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study is conducted on a panel of 36 SSA countries over the period 2000 to 2020. Using several estimation methods, such as fixed effects, Driscoll-Kraay, Lewbel 2SLS, and the generalized method of moments, we find positive results for energy on food security. In SSA, the energy development index, access to electricity, and access to clean energy for cooking positively influence food security. This can encourage policy makers to prioritize investments in off-grid energy for vulnerable households through small-scale energy systems, which can promote food security by directly affecting local food production, preservation, and preparation, and contribute to human well-being and environmental conservation.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of the informal economy on bilateral exports in sub‐Saharan African countries. We use a gravity model, to which we add indicators of the informal economy and indicator variables for different economic regions. The study used Pseudo‐Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and Heckman estimation techniques on data from the period 2002–2018. The results show that the informal economy has a negative impact on bilateral inter‐community exports and a positive impact on bilateral intra‐community exports. These results thus support the idea that the informal economy can accelerate the integration of regional economic communities and ultimately facilitate the establishment of bilateral export free trade areas at the continental level.

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In this study, we contribute to the existing literature on energy poverty and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The paper is carried out on a panel of 36 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000 to 2020. Adopting several estimation methods, such as fixed effects, Driscoll-Kraay, Lewbel 2SLS and Generalized Method of Moments, we find positive results of energy on food security. In SSA, the energy development index, access to electricity and access to clean energy for cooking positively influence food security. This may encourage policy makers to prioritise investment in off-grid energy for vulnerable households through small-scale power systems, which can promote food security by instantly affecting local food production, preservation and preparation and contribute to people's sustainability and contribute to preserve the environment.

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of FinTech on the financial inclusion of populations in sub-Saharan Africa where financial education is still low. To do so, data were collected on a sample of 35 countries over a period from 2011 to 2020. Estimates were made using two-stage least squares models and the Lewbel 2LS model. It is clear from the results that fintech contributes significantly to the financial inclusion of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Mobile phone ownership facilitates the use of financial services. It is noted that a 1% increase in the number of people using a phone would contribute to a 0.67% increase in the financial inclusion rate. The Driscoll-Kraay technique consolidated these results by showing that with 1% of people having access to fintech tools, there is an improvement in the financial inclusion rate of about 0.70%.