location and bandwidth of the bandgap have been investigated, and a technique to design the unit cell of an EBG structure has been provided for the case where either the center frequency, or the upper-and lower-limit frequencies of the bandgap are specified. Next, the effect of the defect length l d and the defect dielectric constant dr on the defect frequencies of the unit cell has been studied, and some design guidelines have been developed for realizing dual-band operation.Finally, we have validated the proposed scheme by comparing the defect frequencies of the unit cell of the EBG superstrate with those that yield enhanced directivities for the EBG antenna. It was demonstrated that the directivity of the antenna with a 12 ϫ 3 EBG superstrate increases to 18 and 18.5 dBi, respectively, at two frequency bands compared to that (maximum 10 dBi) of the antenna-only case. It is conjectured that we can extend this technique for multi-band operation by inserting more defects, and this topic is presently under investigation. FACE RECOGNITION WITH TRANSMISSIVE LIQUID CRYSTAL PANELS

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