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Background COVID-19 cases are soaring in Asia. Indonesia, Southeast Asia’s most populous country, is now ranked second in the number of cases and deaths in Asia, after India. The compliance toward mask wearing, social distancing, and hand washing needs to be monitored to assess public behavioral changes that can reduce transmission. Objective This study aimed to evaluate this compliance in Indonesia between October 2020 and May 2021 and demonstrate the use of the Bersatu Lawan COVID-19 (BLC) mobile app in monitoring this compliance. Methods Data were collected in real time by the BLC app from reports submitted by personnel of military services, police officers, and behavioral change ambassadors. Subsequently, the data were analyzed automatically by the system managed by the Indonesia National Task Force for the Acceleration of COVID-19 Mitigation. Results Between October 1, 2020, and May 2, 2021, the BLC app generated more than 165 million reports, with 469 million people monitored and 124,315,568 locations under observation in 514 districts/cities in 34 provinces in Indonesia. This paper grouped them into 4 colored zones, based on the degree of compliance, and analyzed variations among regions and locations. Conclusions Compliance rates vary among the 34 provinces and among the districts and cities of those provinces. However, compliance to mask wearing seems slightly higher than social distancing. This finding suggests that policy makers need to promote higher compliance in other measures, including social distancing and hand washing, whose efficacies have been proven to break the chain of transmission when combined with masks wearing.

BACKGROUND In efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of Indonesia issued policies of micro-scale activity restrictions (PPKM Mikro/Micro PPKM) to limit community mobility by building COVID-19 command posts (Posko) at micro-scale (RT/RW) level and implementing Micro PPKM through community participation as a bottom-up approach. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the monitoring results of Micro PPKM implementation through the Bersatu Lawan COVID-19 digital mobile application, and the impact such granular information might have in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data was collected from front-line public order forces (police and military) and Behavioral Change Ambassadors reports submitted using the BLC apps. The data was reported in real-time and analyzed by the integrated system of the Indonesia National Task Force for the Acceleration of COVID-19 Mitigation. RESULTS As of February 28, 2022, the total of COVID-19 command posts established were 29,913. A total of 151 million reports of micro PPKM activities were recorded using the BLC application in 44,770 villages/wards, 5,502 sub-districts, and 474 regencies/cities throughout the province. The top 5 most reported activities were 3M education and outreach, distribution of masks, enforcement of discipline, support for vaccination programs, and supervision of entering and exiting areas. CONCLUSIONS Indonesia adopted a bottom-up approach strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing a reporting system linked to community-driven activities at the lowest national administrative level. The reports were made available to different institutional users enabling uniformity in understanding of public health information. The system can potentially be repurposed for future healthcare emergency events. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 cases are soaring in Asia. Indonesia, Southeast Asia’s most populous country is now on the second rank in Asia, just after devastating India. The compliance towards mask wearing, keeping a social distance and hand washing needs to be monitored to assess public behavioral changes that can reduce transmission. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate this compliance in Indonesia between October 2020 and May 2021; and to demonstrate the use of Bersatu Lawan COVID (BLC) mobile application in in monitoring the compliance. METHODS Data was collected in real-time by the BLC app from reports submitted by personnel of the military services, policies, and behavioral change ambassadors. Then, the data was analyzed automatically by the system managed by Indonesia National Task Force for the Acceleration of COVID-19 Mitigation. RESULTS Between 1 October 2020 and 2 May 2021, the BLC app has generated more than 165 million reports, with 469 million people were monitored, and 124,315,568 locations were under observation in 514 districts/cities in 34 provinces in Indonesia. This paper groups them into four colored zones, based on the degree of compliance and analyses variations among regions and locations. CONCLUSIONS Compliance rates vary among the 34 provinces, and among districts and cities of those provinces. However, compliance to mask wearing seems slightly higher than social distancing. This suggest policy makers need to promote higher compliance in other measures, including social distancing and hand washing, whose efficacies have been proven to break the chain of transmission, when combined with masks wearing.

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