Resilient liners when used intelligently are an excellent adjunct in removable prosthodontics. However, currently they have to be best considered as temporary expedients because none of the advocated permanent liners have life expectancy comparable to resin denture base. This article reviews the literature regarding their composition, functions, gelation characteristics, bond strength and influence on denture bases. It also presents their drawbacks and attempts made to extend their longevity. A Medline search was completed for the period from 1986 to 2007, along with a manual search, to identify pertinent English peer-reviewed articles and textbooks.

Tea tree oil and chlorhexidine gluconate are more effective than fluconazole in inhibiting C. albicans growth on heat-polymerised acrylic resin.

Introduction Knowledge of tooth dimensions and relationships and ethnic variations in these parameters are important in the planning and provision of aesthetic dentistry.Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the dimensions and relationships of the upper anterior teeth in young adults of Indian origin, living in an urban location in the UK, and to compare the data obtained with data pertaining to other ethnic groups.Materials and methods This was a qualitative, non-experimental, cross sectional descriptive study with ethical approval. The dependent variables were tooth dimensions and relationships. The independent variable was gender. Fifty male and 50 female young adult Indians were recruited to the study, according to predetermined criteria. Upper and lower, full arch impressions were obtained for each of the 100 participants. Stone cast were obtained from these impressions. The width and length of each upper anterior tooth included in the casts were measured using precision callipers. Anterior arch length was determined using a flexible measuring tape. All measurements were repeated at least three times to obtain consistent values. The error of the method was investigated by means of repeat measurements. The data obtained was analysed, and compared with existing data on tooth dimensions and used to investigate the presence of Golden Proportion relationships.Results The measurements obtained had a normal distribution. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the overall data for left and right canine width and length (P <0.05). No such differences were noted in respect of the upper central and lateral incisors. Also, significant differences (P <0.05) were found to exist between male and female subjects in respect of the width of all anterior tooth types, except for the upper right lateral incisor. There were significant differences in the length of the upper left central incisor and upper right and left canines between male and female subjects (P <0.05). Significant differences (<0.05) were found in the width to length ratios between right and left canines. No such differences were observed for incisors. There was an absence of Golden Proportion relationships.Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, it is concluded that it is inappropriate to adopt a formulaic, left/right symmetrical approach to smile design in the provision of aesthetic dentistry for young adults of Indian origin.

Within the limitations of the study, Locator attachments demonstrated lesser and more homogenous stress distribution in the implant-overdenture complex in comparison to ball attachments. The stresses generated within the tissues increase with an increase in collar height of the attachment system and therefore, attachments should be as short as possible for more favorable stress transmission.

Purpose. To study the effect of different surface treatments on the micro-shear bond strength and surface characteristics of zirconia. Methods. Two types of zirconia ceramics were tested: opaque (O) and translucent (T). Each type of zirconia was further allotted into four groups based on the type of surface treatment method. The four groups were: control (C), air abrasion with 110 µm Al2O3 particles (A), etching with Zircos–E Etching solution for 2 hours (E), and a combination of air abrasion and etching (AE). After the surface treatment, all specimens were ultrasonically cleaned and 10 resin cement cylinders were attached to the zirconia discs in each group. A micro-shear bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fracture surfaces were assessed under a compound microscope. SEM, EDAX, and AFM analyses were done for the zirconia specimens after being subjected to surface treatment. Statistical analysis for the bond strength test was done using the Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Post hoc Tukey test. Results. The micro-shear bond strength values for the groups were as follows in megapascals (MPa): OC 18.96 (5.54), OA 22.66 (2.51), OE 28.48 (4.50), OAE 28.63 (4.53), TC 22.82 (5.46), TA 25.36 (5.17), TE 28.12 (4.76), and TAE 32.00 (3.47). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey HSD tests were done which showed significant results in the groups. In opaque zirconia, significant differences were seen in the etching and air abrasion with etching groups when compared with the control and air abrasion groups. There was no difference between the etching and air abrasion with etching groups. For translucent zirconia, the only significant difference was seen in the air abrasion with etching group in comparison with the control and air abrasion groups. The mode of failure was majorly adhesive. The surface topography and surface roughness showed significant differences between the groups. The EDAX results showed material loss that occurred due to sandblasting in the air abrasion groups. Conclusions. Etching with Zircos–E Etching solution significantly increased the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement when compared with other surface treatment methods. In translucent zirconia, the best results can be achieved by combining etching with air abrasion.