This study is intended to investigate the effect of various degree and position (pre-bifurcation and post-bifurcation) of stenosis on carotid artery hemodynamics trough realistic CFD numerical simulations with appropriate turbulence model. The blood rheological properties were assumed as incompressible and Newtonian fluid. A 3 dimensional model of a non-stenotic carotid artery model was used this investigation. Several turbulence model were tested. The non-stenotic artery geometry was altered as 30% and 70%pre-bifurcation stenosis model, 30% and 70% post-bifurcation stenosis model. Pulsatile simulations were conducted for the non-stenotic and each stenotic artery models. The SST k-ω with Low-Reynolds number was found to be more appropriate for the simulation. As the degree of pre-bifurcation stenosis increases from 30% to 70%, the ICA maximum velocity increases from 12% to 65%. Also, the ECA maximum velocity increases from 5% to 45%. Besides, the ICA velocity ratio decreases by 22% but the ECA velocity ratioincreases by 101%. As the degree of post-bifurcation stenosis increases, the ICA maximum velocity takes a longer time to decrease after the peak systole velocity and the ECA maximum velocity becomes higher than a non-stenotic artery throughout the cardiac cycle. A mild stenosis at post-bifurcation does not show much effect on the carotid artery hemodynamics. However, even a mild stenosis at pre-bifurcation resulted in fluctuating maximum velocity at both ICA and ECA, especially during the diastole of the cardiac cycle
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