This study investigated how teachers adjusted their teaching practices for online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. In the study, we collected data from ten teachers within the Department of English at a university in Vietnam through semi-structured interviews via Zoom. During the interviews, the participants shared how they organised their teaching activities and addressed challenges in engaging students. To analyse the data, we focused on the variety of interaction patterns (teacher-student, student-student and student-content) in online teaching. The results showed that most of the teachers deployed activities for two main types of interaction: teacher-student, and student-content, but not for student-student interaction. Teachers also reported that they received limited online teacher training and had to learn by themselves how to engage students remotely. While the university tried to support teachers, no consistent online teaching guidelines were provided. The study suggests that higher education institutions should offer training opportunities and provide teachers with clear guidelines for online teaching.

Vietnamese high school students have few opportunities to use English outside class and they are often reluctant to speak in class. This paper describes and explains the students' willingness to communicate (wtc) and relates this to varied perceptions of social presence. Eighteen high school students in Vietnam took a six-week online course using Facebook and Skype. They were interviewed individually before and after the course about their experiences, focusing on their perceptions of their own wtc. The results show that the students were more willing to use English spontaneously in the online environment in contexts where they perceived that they had less social presence. Text and audio chat were felt to be less face threatening than video chat, and consequently, students were more willing to speak in conditions of lower social presence. It can be concluded that the more social presence students felt they had in the online environment, the less their wtc. This was true for both synchronous and asynchronous online environments. Allowing students to control their social presence in online communication can embolden shy students and increase their wtc.

In Vietnam, English is a foreign language. Therefore, students do not have many opportunities to practise speaking outside the classroom. Inside the classroom, teachers focus on teaching grammar explicitly. To enable students to practise their speaking skills, Facebook closed groups were employed as a learning platform. Seventeen students were asked to record their speech on suggested topics, post them on Facebook closed groups and comment on their friends’ works within six weeks. The first and final recordings were employed to analyse in terms of fluency and complexity. These students were also interviewed after the course. They supposed that voice recording enabled them to have opportunities to practise their speaking skills. The first and final recordings showed that students improved their fluency and lexical complexity but not for syntactic complexity.

University students in Vietnam do not have enough time to practise their listening inside the classroom. Outside the classroom, they do not have chance to practice it. To supplement time constraint in the classroom, extensive listening was employed to assist students to develop their listening skills. The study aims to investigate whether extensive listening ameliorates students’ listening proficiency. Two groups of students from two intact classes: the control group (n = 32) and the experimental group (n = 32) were selected. Before the semester started, all students sat for the pre-listening test.  After that, students in the experimental group were advised to listen to fifteen suggested sound files with one file for each week. They were also instructed some listening strategies to self-practise at home while students in the control group did not do any listening tasks at home. After 15 weeks, students in both groups took the post-listening test. The post-interview was conducted to explore how students practiced their listening out of school. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test. Some students in the experimental group reported that they practised listening many times and tried to learn as much vocabulary as possible.

In the era of information extension today, videos are easily captured and made viral in a short time, and video tampering has become more comfortable due to editing software. So, the authenticity of videos becomes more essential. Video inter-frame forgeries are the most common type of video forgery methods, which are difficult to detect by the naked eye. Until now, some algorithms have been suggested for detecting inter-frame forgeries based on handicraft features, but the accuracy and processing speed of those algorithms are still challenging. In this paper, we are going to put forward a video forgery detection method for detecting video interframe forgeries based on convolutional neural network (CNN) models by retraining the available CNN model trained on ImageNet dataset. The proposed method based on state-the-art CNN models, which are retrained to exploit spatial-temporal relationships in a video to detect inter-frame forgeries robustly and we have also proposed a confidence score instead of the raw output score based on these networks for increasing accuracy of the proposed method.Through the experiments, the detection accuracy of the proposed method is 99.17%. This result has shown that the proposed method has significantly higher efficiency and accuracy than other recent methods.