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The direct conversion of methane (CH4) to value-added hydrocarbons (C2+) was studied using a hybrid catalyst, consisting of Ni/Al2O3 as the first catalyst layer to convert CH4 to carbon monoxide,...

Pineapple leaves are largely discarded in the harvest area and considered as agricultural waste. Herein, the extracted pineapple leaves fiber was altered with chelating agents to become an adsorbent for lead ions (Pb2+) removal from aqueous solutions. The initial investigation determined that the most appropriate conditions for extracting cellulose fiber from pineapple leaves were stirring at 90–100 °C in 10%w/v NaOH for 1 h. Next, carboxymethyl, amide, and amidoxime were used to modify with the extracted cellulose fiber, denoted as Cell-CMC, Cell-AM, and Cell-AMX, respectively. At pH 6, Cell-CMC, Cell-AM, Cell-AMX, and the extracted cellulose fiber had maximum adsorption potential values of 9.3, 1.5, 3.6, and 6.3 mg g–1, respectively. In the kinetic analysis, Cell-CMC, Cell-AM, and extracted cellulose adsorption behaviors were well represented using a model of pseudo 1st order, while the adsorption behavior of Cell-AMX was best represented using a model of pseudo 2nd order. Further investigation demonstrated that the desorption efficiency of each adsorbent increased as the pH value was lowered from 3, 4, and 6.