Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often credited with innovative entrepreneurial practices and conceiving new market opportunities. Government has reinforced these positive economic externalities through policy programmes and designated support structures. Venture capital organisations often galvanise innovative knowledge by entrenching and sustaining nascent businesses through value-creating funding behaviours. In this way, the venture capital industry financially supports entrepreneurial activity for economic growth and governs and nurtures the growth of the SMEs. These show that the venture capital industry embraces value-creating opportunities on the basis of rational partnerships with enterprises that have limited track records and less formal control mechanisms.The tentative factor analysis findings suggest an integrated framework for the venture capital industry from the significant intercorrelations among the variables. The most important focus of this article, however, is its attempt to examine the behavioural traits of SMEs and venture capitalists regarding systematic finance and investment for inclusivity and due diligence.Key words: investment and financial behaviour, formal and informal venture capital, value options, liquidity patterns, contractual devices, managerial reputation and involvement JEL: G24Abstract of small and growing ventures?

The amplification of demand order variability germinates from distorted demand information upstream while sometimes reacting to demand-driven inventory positioning influenced by the custodians of downstream information. This studyuses factor analysis to tentatively develop a supply chain model to enhance the competence of supply chain performance in terms of responsiveness, connectivity and agility. The results of the analysis indicate that the magnitude of control on the bullwhip effect and access to economic information on demand orders in the supply chain network are associated with the modelling of the push-pull theory of oscillation on three mirror dimensions of supply chain interrelationships (inventory positioning, information sharing and electronically-enabled supply chain systems). The findings provide the perspective on managing amplification in consumer demand order variability upstream in the supply chain network while enhancing the overall efficiency of supply chain performance. This article provides insight into the use of innovative strategies and modern technology to enhance supply chain visibility through integrated systems networks.

The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry continues to present and deliver products to end consumers irrespective of the conditions faced in the business. The nature of disruptions that unexpectedly affect retail supermarkets needs to be strategically addressed to ensure product availability to the end consumer. The Resilience concept is an important supply chain upcoming research area that can remove disruptions without affecting the retail business operations. This article sought to understand supply chain resilience and supply chain design in the retail industry. South African retail supermarkets encounters varied threats to its business and the limited literature on the concepts of supply chain design and supply chain resilience have prompted this study. The limited literature on both concepts has prompted this study especially in a developing economy such as South Africa. A quantitative research design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to identify managers and supervisors of the selected retail supermarkets in Durban South Africa within the FMCG retail industry with an estimated population of 1509 and a sample size of 306. The multiple regression analysis was engaged to display the extent of supply chain resilience and design in the selected retail outlets. The study revealed that transport network, technology advancement and environmental changes contributed mostly to the dimensions that affect the retail supply chain when designing for resilience. The study enables supply chain retailers in the retail industry to understand the factors to consider when designing their supply chain. This study adds to the academic body of knowledge by being one empirical study that conducted analysis on the constructs of supply chain design and supply chain resilience. ND NEBOH TP MBHELE Supply Chain resilience and design in retail supermarkets

Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) are driven by threats and nascent challenges that range from logistical issues to disruptions in the environment. The chapter aimed to determine the efficacy of supply chain collaboration on resilience in the industry. Scholars have constantly highlighted the need for supply chain collaboration by building supply chain resilience, necessitated against sporadic, disruptive, and unforeseen events in the business environment. The argument for businesses to desist from working in silos within their supply chain provokes this study. There seems to be a mismatch between the supply chain members in terms of integrating or collaborating efforts and their capabilities to be resilient when faced with disruptions. Organisations need to identify the variables that exist inside and outside of their environment to ensure alignment, collaboration, and integration. Centralisation of stocks, foreign exchange fluctuation, joint business plans, and longstanding collaboration with vendors could help promote supply chain resilience.

The business environment challenges the competence of supply chain performance on responsiveness, connectivity and agility to ameliorate phenomenon of bullwhip effect.