Sepsis is a major cause of mortality among hospitalized patients worldwide. Shorter time to administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is associated with improved outcomes, but early recognition of sepsis remains a major challenge. In a two-center cohort study with prospective sample collection from 1400 adult patients in emergency departments suspected of sepsis, we sought to determine the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of a machine-learning algorithm based on clinical data and a set of uncommonly measured biomarkers. Specifically, we demonstrate that a machine-learning model developed using this dataset outputs a score with not only diagnostic capability but also prognostic power with respect to hospital length of stay (LOS), thirty-day mortality, and thirty-day inpatient readmission both in our entire testing cohort and various subpopulations. The area under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) for diagnosis of sepsis was 0.83. Predicted risk scores for patients with septic shock were higher compared to patients with sepsis but without shock (p < 0.0001). Scores for patients with infection and organ dysfunction were higher compared to those without either condition (p < 0.0001). Stratification based on predicted scores of the patients into low, medium and high-risk groups showed significant differences in length of stay (p < 0.0001), thirty-day mortality (p < 0.0001), and thirty-day inpatient readmission (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, a machine-learning algorithm based on EMR data and three non-routinely measured biomarkers demonstrated good diagnostic and prognostic capability at the time of initial blood culture.

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This prologue describes Chicago's black gambling world and three of its leading figures, focusing on major developments in 1903. It begins with a look at John “Mushmouth” Johnson, who operated a saloon and gambling den at 464 South State Street. Since around 1900, Johnson's most profitable operation had been the game of policy. Johnson wove a dense and seemingly impermeable tapestry of gambling, politics, protection, and graft. Each of Johnson's successive gambling houses catered to an interracial clientele—whites, blacks, and Asians. The discussion then turns to black gambler John Weston “Poney” Moore, who ran a hotel and saloon on Twenty-first Street, and Robert T. Motts. Motts turned his entrepreneurial talents from the interwoven world of gambling, protection, and politics to the project of racial community-building on Chicago's South Side. After the mayor launched an anti-gambling campaign that brought Motts's operations to public attention for the first time, Motts began planning to transform his saloon into a beer garden and vaudeville house.

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This chapter focuses on the Pekin Theater's vaudeville shows that pervaded The Stroll at the time. When the curtain had rung down on the final performance of The Husband, Robert T. Motts dismissed his stock company. J. Ed. Green resigned and decided to go into business by forming the Chester Amusement Company with Marion Brooks and A. W. Johnson. At the Pekin, Motts further strengthened and distinguished the musical profile of the house by reinstating a kind of music that had first drawn patrons there in 1904: concerts, motion pictures, and vaudeville acts featuring “society” performers such as Marie Burton. This chapter also considers Motts's invitation to the Howard Stock Company to perform at the Pekin and concludes with a discussion of the special event that broke all prior attendance records at the theater—the match between heavyweight champion Jack Johnson and challenger Jim Jeffries.