Alors que le royaume de Tolède est souvent présenté comme l’une des premières nations du Moyen Âge, une étude plus différenciée des sources et une analyse diachronique des termes de « Goths » et d’« Hispanie », relativisent considérablement un tel constat. Certes, il y eut bien un processus de territorialisation du pouvoir et de la communauté politiques, en particulier avec deux grands programmes idéologiques : celui d’Isidore de Séville exaltant l’Hispanie des Goths et celui de Julien de Tolède défendant le prince légitime et une nation bicéphale, organisée autour de l’Hispanie et de la Gaule (Narbonnaise). Mais leur échec laissa le royaume à la fin du viie siècle dans un vide identitaire et en fit une nation inachevée.
Jean-Pierre Poly's work Le chemin des amours barbares (« The way of barbarous love ») devoted to « Medieval genesis of European sexuality » (Genèse médiévale de la sexualité européenne) proposes a crossed research about sexuality and lineage between the fifth and twelfth centuries. According to the A., when german pagan societies are maternally predominant, the nobility and church's alliance allows to set a new « patriarchal », family, roman and Christian model in which sexuality is firmly held by the clerks. This degradation of the feminine condition then causes among the men a violent psychological tension, resolved by courteous love in the twelfth century. However, in this large historical analysis, faint differences need to be expressed in many respects. So, the purpose of exogamy isn't only political but also religious and physiological. By another way, the wife disposes of an a priori more favourable status in roman law than in german laws. In the religious sphere, the Christian woman entertains an original relation with holy things, whereas the clerk's misogyny is far from being universal. A last, clerks place love in the heart of Christian conjugality and, in the twelfth-thirteenth centuries, even valorize sexual pleasure.
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