Background: Traumatic brain injury management is a tricky issue in children and pregnant women (due to adverse effects of computer tomography). To facilitate management, we report the main analytical performances and reference ranges for blood tests for the wellestablished S100B biomarker in under-16 children on a DiaSorin ® Liaison XL analyzer and in pregnant women on DiaSorin ® Liaison XL and Roche Diagnostics ® Cobas e411 analyzers. Methods: Serum S100B concentrations were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay on a DiaSorin ® analyzer in a population of 409 healthy children aged 0-16 years and on DiaSorin

Recombination is a crucial process in the evolution of many organisms. Although the evolutionary reasons behind its occurrence in RNA viruses are debated, this phenomenon has been associated with major epidemiological events such as virus host range expansion, antigenic shift or variation in virulence 1,2, and this process occurs frequently in positive strand RNA viruses such as coronaviruses. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been associated with the repeated emergence of variants of concern presenting increased transmissibility, severity or immune escape 3. The recent extensive circulation of Delta worldwide and its subsequent replacement by viruses of the Omicron lineage 4 (BA.1 then BA.2), have created conditions for genetic exchanges between viruses with both genetic diversity and phenotypic specificities 5-7. Here we report the identification and in vitro and in vivo characterization of a Delta-Omicron recombinant in Europe. This recombinant exhibits immune escape properties similar to Omicron, while its behavior in mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor is more similar to Delta. This recombinant provides a unique and natural opportunity to better understand the genotype to phenotype links in SARS-CoV-2.

S100B measured 36 h after a match is thus a discriminating test to identify concussion in a male rugby player, with a 100 % negative predictive value.