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This paper reports design modifications to the recording bedload trap developed by Reid el al. (l980), and rigorous calibration procedures followed both before and after installation. An unexpected temperature dependence of the trap and stage pressure transducer records is identified and corrected. The consequences of this dependence for the interpretation of a bedload-transport event are discussed.

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Across Englishes, frequently used epistemic/evidential complement-taking predicates (e/e ctps) have undergone conventionalisation, wherebysubject + e/e verbconstructions are reanalysed as formulaic stance markers. However, the system ofe/e ctps in Australian English (AusE) – and the degree to which they have grammaticalised – remains unexplored. In this article, we offer a quantitative analysis of the most frequente/e ctps in the spoken portion of theInternational Corpus of English – Australia. Multivariate analysis shows thatthinkandguessstand as canonical encoders of speaker attitude, andreckonis multifunctional, encoding epistemic modality and evidentiality. Assuming that (inter-)subjective meaning represents the last stage in semantic change, our results indicate that AusEreckonis less grammaticalised thanthinkandguess.