Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dopexamine on renal function in 4 groups of patients either with or without renal dysfunction. Transient renal dysfunction is often not clinically relevant in patients with normal renal function, but it is an important clinical factor in patients with pre-existing renal failure. Dopexamine (DX) is a commonly used catecholamine which probably exerts a selective effect at the splanchnic bed. Material and Methods: 24 patients with normal renal function and 24 patients with impaired renal function (creatinine in serum ! 1.5 mg/dL) were each randomly allocated to 2 groups. Group 1 (control) without renal dysfunction and group 3 (control/ dysfunction) with renal dysfunction were considered as control groups, while the patients in DX and DX/dysfunction groups received 1 mg/kg/ min dopexamine until the end of surgery. Kidney function was investigated using standard parameters and by investigating specific proteins and enzymes. Results: All patients showed pathologic excretions of the investigated parameters during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with no differences between the study groups. The distal tubule, the lysosomal regions, Henle's loop and the glomerular tuft were all damaged. Heart

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