, and the participants at the Law and Economics Workshops at the State University of New York at Buffalo and the University of Chicago for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. We owe a special debt to Edmund Kitch who first suggested to us the importance of monitoring costs in understanding creditor priorities.

The influences on simulated personnel selection decisions of a job applicant's intellectual ability and the degree to which his opinions agreed with those of an evaluator were investigated in a factorial experiment using 78 undergraduates. Both variables significantly ( p < .01) influenced recommendations to hire or not hire the applicant. The results were discussed with respect to the influence of valid and invalid job-success predictors on selection decisions.

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Subjects were exposed to a standard videotape account of a crime of negligent automobile homicide. With the criminal evidence held constant, the similarity of the defendant's attitudes to those of simulated jury members was varied. Subjects exposed to a defendant with attitudes dissimilar to their own rated the defendant as more guilty, sentenced him to a greater number of years of imprisonment, recommended lengthier terms of imprisonment prior to parole eligibility, and evaluated him less positively on measures of attraction and other evaluative dimensions, than did subjects exposed to a defendant with attitudes similar to their own. The results are discussed with respect to evaluative response processes and judicial impartiality.