The increased diversification of classrooms in recent years has placed additional demands upon teachers who strive to facilitate the learning and participation of all pupils. The aim of the current study was to explore how primary teachers across Europe understand and respond to diversity in their classrooms. A total of 35 teachers from 7 countries (Czech Republic, England, Germany, Holland, Lithuania, Malta, Sweden) participated in semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the data yielded several key themes: (i) the need for caring and inclusive attitudes and school ethos, (ii) facilitating inclusive values and solidarity in pupils, (iii) building collaborative networks, (iv) organising 'responsive' teaching, and (v) facing challenges in responding to diversity. The implications of these findings for the development of inclusive practices are discussed.

TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe reinjection of produced water is an important prerequisite for maintaining pressure and for flooding reservoirs. Thirty years ago Barkman and Davidson introduced the first comprehensive theory for predicting the behaviour of injection wells. This theory was employed and tested for many years in actual injection projects at 'Preussag-Energie', including the development of a special-purpose instrument. In the present article, a survey of operational experience is given, and necessary extensions of the model are delineated. Furthermore, the article highlights some important aspects which should be considered in laboratory investigations.

Nonuniform perforation properties and permeability variations close to the wellbore introduce heterogeneities which affect the infectivity decline in water injection wells. We present a method to calculate these effects and derive results for a simple model which incorporates the dependence of the waterquality-ratio on the entrance porewidths. Common degrees of heterogeneity may lead to significant changes in the infectivity decline, which cannot be described by conventional models of uniform wells. Early damage rates may be orders of magnitude larger than expected and wells with large initial skins are prone to having their half-lifes within this early region. Due to the resulting nonlinearities, extrapolations from test-injections may lead to wrong conclusions and it is usually not possible to predict the half-life by the conventional use of a single value for the water-quality-ratio.

Before any Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) project, specifications of water quality in terms of solid and oil contents must be determined to allow designing water treatment facilities. Also, specifications of injection pressure must be determined to allow designing injection pumps and network. An incorrect design may lead to significant injectivity declines, to injection volumes below target and therefore to loss of production. These specifications are usually provided by considering re-injection in fracturing flow regime because it is the only regime that can sustain the injectivity of wells on the long term. However, even if the matrix flow period which precedes the fracture initiation is also fundamental in determining these specifications, it currently remains considered in only very few commercial softwares. It is fundamental to model the matrix flow period especially in terms of damage mechanisms. Indeed, this period can be of relatively long duration and can dominate the well behavior before the initiation of any fracturing. For example, this is the case of gas fields where only small volumes of water are produced during the first years of production. Taking into account this period can also help in optimizing water quality and pressure specifications by selecting the most appropriate completion for wells. In fact, the same water quality could lead to different damage potentials and thus to different fracturing pressures inititation that depend on the well completion scheme selected, whether open hole (OH) or cased and perforated (CP). Even if a lot of models dealing with formation damage already exist for oil and gas producers, only very few models are available for CP water injectors. This paper presents a new model which allows simulating formation damage occurring while injecting in this type of wells. This model extends the standard CP calculations with the modeling approaches for external and internal damage which have already been available in Total's in-house simulator for OH completions. This paper also presents how water quality and injection pressure specifications are predicted for CP wells, the key parameters in perforation strategy to optimize them and why these specifications differ from one completion to the other. Finally, an example of field application of the model to design of PWRI project in a CP disposal well will be discussed.