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" (SAO) initiative was a 90day, presence-based foot patrol program in a subset of the city's patrol jurisdictions. Methods: We assessed the effectiveness of SAO initiative in reducing crime and gun violence using a difference-indifferences (DiD) approach. Results: Results indicate the SAO initiative was only associated with significant reductions in specific property offenses, not violent crime rates. Foot patrols did not have a strong, isolating impact on violent street crime in 2014 or 2015. Deployments on foot across expansive geographies also has a weak, negligible influence on open-air shootings. Conclusions: The findings suggest saturating jurisdictions with high-visibility foot patrols has little influence on street-level offending, with no anticipatory or persistent effects. Police departments should exercise caution in deploying foot patrols over large patrol jurisdictions.

The original version of the article unfortunately contained mistakes. In the Table 2 footnote, the number of precinct-month observations were incorrect, and the terms for the treatment effect for individual exposure months in parentheses in the second to last sentence were doubled and formatted incorrectly. The Table 2 footnote should have appeared as shown below.Notes: Model 3 reports results for DiD models comparing shootings in months preand post-deployment of uniformed foot patrols. The 2014 panel includes 70 precincts observed over 9 months for a total of 630 (n*t) precinct-month observations. Because the second iteration commenced 1 month earlier, the 2015 panel includes 70 precincts observed over 8 months for a total of 560 (n*t) precinct-month observations. Column 1 is the base specification ignoring the cluster structure. Column 2 incorporates the exposure variable. Column 3 adjusts for pre-trends. Individual post-exposure effects are reported beneath the main interaction. For example, the "after" periods in 2014 represent separate estimates of the treatment effect for individual exposure months (e.g., ̂J ul ; ̂A ug ; ̂S ep ). Standard errors are clustered on precinct and reported in parentheses *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001 (two-tailed)The original article has been corrected.

Objectives: The New York City Police Department’s “Summer All Out” (SAO) initiative was a 90- day, presence-based foot patrol program in a subset of the city’s patrol jurisdictions. Methods: We assessed the effectiveness of SAO initiative in reducing crime and gun violence using a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach. Results: Results indicate the SAO initiative was only associated with significant reductions in specific property offenses, not violent crime rates. Foot patrols did not have a strong, isolating impact on violent street crime in 2014 or 2015. Deployments on foot across expansive geographies also has a weak, negligible influence on open-air shootings. Conclusions: The findings suggest saturating jurisdictions with high-visibility foot patrols has little influence on street-level offending, with no anticipatory or persistent effects. Police departments should exercise caution in deploying foot patrols over large patrol jurisdictions.