The use of dual tapered threaded fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge obtained and maintained intervertebral spinal fusion, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced pain after anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis in patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease.

Degenerative spinal stenosis, even with nonlytic spondylolisthesis, can be decompressed effectively without violating the integrity of the posterior elements.

Discogenic low back pain can be effectively treated surgically with a laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion using rhBMP-2 in place of autogenous bone. The fusion occurs quickly and predictably with no adverse effects identified.