With the growth of computing and technology in general in the last few decades, there has also been an abundance of available data, information previously unimaginable, which now cause companies and organizations to encounter needs they have not previously had. Such a need comes in the face of its ability to make decisions in the increasingly shorter timeframe, the fact that it poses major challenges for data collection, transport, processing and performance. In this context, a new denomination known as Data Science, capable of handling data from several areas of knowledge, is a great capacity to display quick and objective information, which in a Business context, support decision making, a very important factor To remain competitive in today's commercial environment. This article aims to study this new denomination, Data Science, and related topics, such as Data Mining, Cognitive Ergonomics and fundamentals for decision making.