Combining elements appropriately within a coherent page layout is a well-recognized and crucial aspect of sophisticated information presentation. The precise function and nature of layout has not, however, been sufficiently addressed within computational approaches; attention is often restricted to relatively local issues of typography and text-formatting, leaving broader issues of layout unaddressed. In this paper we focus on the selection and function of layout in pages that appropriately combine textual and graphical representation styles to yield coherent presentation designs. We demonstrate that layout offers a rich resource for achieving presentational coherence, alongside more traditional resources such as text-formatting and the text-internal marking of discourse connections. We also introduce an integrated approach to layout, text, and diagram generation. Our approach is developed on the basis of a preliminary empirical investigation of professionally produced layouts, followed by implementation within a prototype information system in the area of art history.

In ultrasonic plasticizing, energetic ultrasound is used to heat and to plasticize thermoplastic polymers. The basic idea of the process is to deform a material cyclically at ultrasonic frequencies. The deformations are applied on the material by a common ultrasound sonotrode; the plasticization takes place in a plasticizing chamber. The generated melt is directly injected into micro cavities, and hence, micro parts can be moulded easily with the system. In this paper, micro parts being moulded with the process variation ''direct injection'' are analysed with regard to their weight resulting from the process parameter settings and with regard to their morphology. Furthermore, mixing effects in the plasticizing chamber are being looked at.

In this paper we will discuss the question of how to develop an algorithm for automatically designing an optimal layout of a given constraint graph. This automatic layout algorithm must observe certain aesthetic principles, which facilitate the user's interpretation of the graph. The constraint graph is generated by the visualization algorithm AVE (Automatic Visualisation Engine) which decides in this case that the object relation between the objects which are to be graphically represented must be visually realized by lines. The constraints describe how subsets of objects are geometdcaUy represented relative to each other. We require that each individual object be of fixed size throughout the algorithm, but we allow for each of these sizes to differ one from another. This automatic layout algorithm is developed along the lines of a (spring) force model, a method which has its roots in such works as [Earle]. As a measure of any particular layout's fidelity to our aesthetic principles, we have developed a function which assigns a real value to each possible layout. We have insured that this function has good differentiability properties, in order that we may exploit gradient descent methods to arrive at a layout that minimizes this function. Any such layout is then by definition the optimal layout we seek. These gradient methods are integral in assuring that the algorithm we develop can efficiently implement the aesthetic principles so that we obtain a very fast routine.

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Injection