Dear Editor, Influenza affects between two and three million people worldwide each year, with complications responsible for a significant number of excess hospitalizations in intensive care units (ICUs) [1]. Since the newsworthy 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic (pdm), publications about influenza in ICUs remain scarce, with crucial outstanding issues on prognosis factors including the timing of antiviral treatments [2-5]. Here, we present a multicenter prospective study of critically ill influenza-infected patients aimed to identify prognosis factors associated with death. This study was conducted from December 2008 to April 2013 in the 12 polyvalent ICUs from the Lyon catchment area (France). All adult patients admitted with microbiologically confirmed influenza infection were included. Following univariate comparisons, the independent contribution of patients' characteristics to in-hospital mortality was analyzed by backward stepwise multivariate analysis in a logistic regression model. Propensity score-matching was further used to compare similar patient populations receiving oseltamivir within or after 2 days of the onset of symptoms. Over the study period, 201 patients were enrolled with the following main reasons for ICU admission: respiratory distress (n = 174, 87%), shock (n = 13, 6.5%), and

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Background Successfully resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may lead to brain death (BD) and good-quality transplantable organs. We aimed to determine risk factors for evolution toward BD after OHCA. We analyzed adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) who survived at least 24 h after an OHCA between 2005 and 2015. BD was defined according to international guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors for BD available 24 h after OHCA. Results A total of 214 patients were included (median age 68 years; sex ratio 1.25; non-shockable OHCA: 88%). Among these, 42 (19.6%) developed BD, while 22 (10.3%) were alive at 1 year with a good neurological outcome. Independent risk factors for BD were age (OR per year 0.95; 95% CI [0.92–0.98]), female gender (OR 2.34; 95% CI [1.02–5.35]), neurological cause of OHCA (OR 14.72; 95% CI [3.03–71.37]), duration of the low-flow period > 16 min (OR 2.94, 95% CI [1.21–7.16]) and need of vasoactive drugs at 24 h (OR 6.20, 95% CI [2.41–15.93]). Conclusions The study identified, in a population of OHCA with predominantly non-shockable initial rhythms, five simple risk factors independently associated with progression toward BD.