Objectives: To compare presenting symptoms, comorbidities, disease, and treatment characteristics of a black pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) group to a non-black pediatric EoE group. Methods: A retrospective chart review consisting of pediatric patients diagnosed with EoE between the years of 2010 and 2018 at a single urban pediatric hospital system comprising 143 black pediatric patients compared with 142 non-black pediatric patients with similar distribution of age and sex. Results: Both groups were majority male, and the median age of diagnosis between the black and non-black group was 5.1 and 6.7 years old, respectively. Comorbidities more commonly seen in the black group included food allergies, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Black patients were more likely to present with failure to thrive (FTT)/poor growth, whereas non-black patients were more likely to present with abdominal pain. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in achieving remission using current therapies. The black group had higher rates of nonadherence to medical therapies. Conclusions: This is the largest study to date comparing a black versus non-black pediatric EoE population. The black population had more atopic comorbidities and FTT at presentation and had significantly more issues with nonadherence. This new knowledge describing EoE in a minority population will hopefully improve awareness, diagnosis, and management of EoE in this population.

Purpose To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) control before and during the first year after secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of children who received secondary IOL implantation. We analyzed IOP and antiglaucoma medications before and after implantation. The latest exam with IOP measurement found within the 2-15 month period after IOL implantation was used for the postoperative data. Failure to maintain IOP control was defined as either the addition of antiglaucoma medication(s) or a rise in IOP > 4 mm Hg. Statistical analyses were performed to assess risk factors for failure to control IOP after surgery, namely age at IOL implantation, preoperative glaucoma status, and IOL fixation location. Results A total of 100 eyes were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 7.74 months (SD = 3.11). Twenty-three of one hundred eyes failed to maintain IOP control according to our definition. Eyes with a history of having had a traumatic cataract (n = 3) had a more than threefold increased risk of failure (P = 0.015). Although not statistically significant, very young age at initial cataract surgery (<2 months old) had a twofold increased risk of failure compared to an older age (>12 months old) (P = 0.213). No other risk factors were found to have statistical significance. Conclusion Secondary IOL implantation carries a modest risk of worsening IOP control in the first year after implantation, for which, a history of ocular trauma or young age at initial cataract surgery seems to present the highest risk.

Professional education at academic medical meetings is under increasing scrutiny. No data have been published regarding the academic or institutional affiliations of authors who submit abstracts as part of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Annual Meeting. We sought to study the self-reported institutional affiliations and other factors over a 6-year period. The POSNA annual meeting programs 2011-2016 were reviewed. The number of abstracts, including those for main program podium presentations, posters, e-posters, and subspecialty day were queried. The number of authors on each submission, presenting author’s reported institutional affiliation, and involvement of a study group or database were documented. Over the 5-year study period the abstract number increased (188 abstracts in 2011 and 294 in 2016, abstracts or a 56% increase). The mean number of authors listed per abstract was five (range, 4.9 to 5.4). Nineteen percent of abstracts were affiliated with three institutions: Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (103), Boston Children’s Hospital (95) and Rady Children’s Hospital (84). Boston Children’s Hospital and Texas Scottish Rite Hospital were most frequent in the main program. These two institutions accounted for 16% to 25% of main program podium abstracts across all years. The total number of abstracts with a study group affiliation increased over the evaluated period (five abstracts in 2011, 18 abstracts in 2016, a 4.5-fold increase). The abstract number at the POSNA annual meeting has increased substantially recently. Although the average number of authors listed on the abstract remained consistent over the review period, study groups/databases were reported as an author/source more frequently. Two academic pediatric orthopaedic centers were affiliated with approximately 20% of the main program abstracts each year. Level of Evidence: Level IV.

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