Comparisons were made between a group of male Vietnam veterans suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (n = 11) and an age and sex matched group of non-veteran controls (n = 11) on their psychophysiological responding (heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), forehead EMG, skin resistance level, and peripheral temperature) to mental arithmetic and an audiotape of combat sounds played at gradually increasing volume levels. The two groups responded differently to the combat sounds in terms of HR, systolic BP, and forehead EMG. The HR response could correctly classify 95.5% of the combined sample. Implications of these findings for the basis of PTSD are discussed.

The present study investigated the use of the broad-band construct, negative affectivity, with children's self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and anger. A multitrait-multimethod analysis was conducted to intercorrelate scores from self-report measures with scale and subscale scores of the Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher Report Form (CBCL-TRF). The resulting matrix revealed significant correlations among the self-report measures of anxiety and depression and revealed that these measures correlated significantly with the Internalizing scale scores of the CBCL-TRF. However, correlations between the individual self-report measures and their corresponding CBCL-TRF scale scores were not significant. Regression analyses indicated that both depression and anxiety self-report measures were predictors of the CBCL-TRF Internalizing scale, but no self-report measures were predictive of the CBCL-TRF Externalizing scale. Findings suggest that the child self-report measures of anxiety and depression used in this study can best be conceptualized as measures of a broad-band construct rather than of the narrow-band dimensions of anxiety and depression.Over the past several decades, a considerable amount of literature has been developed around self-report measures of personality characteristics of both adults and children. In a recent article, Watson and Clark (1984) integrated the findings of a number of adult-oriented self-report measures purported to assess such constructs as anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. They concluded that despite their separate authors, the measures intercorrelated so highly that they were actually measures of the same construct. Watson and Clark proposed that this construct be termed negative affectivity. Because many of the self-report measures used with children were developed as counterparts to adult self-report measures (e.g., the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale was developed as a counterpart to the adult-oriented Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory was modeled after the Beck Depression Inventory), similarly high intercorrelations may exist.Accordingly, the broad-band construct of negative aflectivity might be useful for conceptualizing personality dimensions of children.In accordance with the findings of Watson and Clark (1984),We would like to express our gratitude to David A. Wolfe for his editorial assistance in the preparation of this article and to Jean M. Griffin for her help in preparing the data for analysis. The preparation of this article was partially supported by the Ontario Ministry of Health.

After a 4-week baseline period during which daily ratings of headache activity were made and all participants took several psychological tests, 91 patients with chronic headache (33 tension, 30 migraine, and 28 combined tension and migraine) were given a 10-session relaxation-training regimen. Patients who did not show substantial reductions in headache activity from the relaxation therapy were given a 12-session regimen of biofeedback (thermal biofeedback for vascular headaches, frontal electromyograph biofeedback for tension headaches). Relaxation therapy alone led to significant improvement for all three headache groups, with a trend for the tension headache group to respond the most favorably. Biofeedback therapy led to further significant reduction in headache activity for all who received it, with a trend for combined migraine and tension headache patients to respond the most favorably. Overall, 73% of tension headache patients and 52% of vascular headache patients were much improved. Multiple regression analyses revealed that approximately 32% of the variance in end-of-treatment headache diary scores could be predicted after relaxation and that 44% of the variance after biofeedback could be predicted using standard psychological tests. Moreover, over 72% of each headache group could be correctly classified as successful or not successful using the same tests in discriminant function analyses.Chronic recurring headache of either the Freundlich, & Meyer, 1975; Holroyd, Antension or vascular variety is a widespread drasik, & Noble, 1980). To date, this literhealth problem in this country afflicting up ature includes approximately 12prospectiveto 40% of the adult population (Ziegler, controlled trials involving tension headache Hassanein, & Couch, 1977). The last 10 and 8 similar trials for migraine headache, years have witnessed an ever-growing liter-The two principal nonpharmacological ature on the nonpharmacological treatment treatments for headache are varieties of bioof headache (Adams, Feuerstein, & Fowler, feedback training and several types of re-1980; Blanchard, Ahles, & Shaw, 1979). laxation training. Numerous controlled, di-This work has included several large-scale, rect comparisons of these two procedures uncontrolled retrospective studies (e.g., Ad-have generally shown them to be equally ler & Adler

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