A graphene‐Au nano‐pyramid hybrid system that enables label‐free single molecule detection is demonstrated. The bio‐compatible graphene‐based SERS platform boosts a high density of hot spots with local SERS enhancement factor over 1010. We demonstrate that graphene can play a key role in quantitative study of SERS mechanisms, and can also serve as a promising building block in SERS active structures especially for biosensor applications.

Using 1979-2003 radiosonde data at Hilo and Līhu'e, Hawaii, the trade wind inversion (TWI) is found to occur approximately 82% of the time at each station, with average base heights of 2225 m (781.9 hPa) for Hilo and 2076 m (798.8 hPa) for Līhu'e. A diurnal pattern in base height of nighttime high and afternoon low is consistently found during summer at Hilo. Inversion base height has a September maximum and a secondary maximum in April. Frequency of inversion occurrence was found to be higher during winters and lower during summers of El Niño years than non-El Niño years. Significant upward trends were found for inversion frequency at Hilo for March-May (MAM), June-August (JJA), and September-November (SON) seasons, and at Līhu'e for all seasons and for annual values.

A new preparation is reported which, for the first time, results in a thin, crystalline SiO2 film on a Mo(112) single crystal. The procedure consists of repeated cycles of silicon deposition and subsequent oxidation, followed by a final annealing procedure. AES and XPS have been used to control film stoichiometry. LEED pictures of high contrast show a hexagonal, crystalline SiO2 overlayer with a commensurate relationship to the Mo(112) substrate. The wetting of the substrate by the film has been investigated by LEED, XPS and TDS, revealing that the film covers the substrate completely.

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