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How correct is the ecologically based inference that counterproductive behavior and drug use at work are symptoms of job dissatisfaction? To answer this question, data were collected from a national sample of 1,327 wage and salaried workers. There was a significant association between job satisfaction and selfreports of counterproductive behavior only among men 30 years old or older. Similar results were found for drug use at work.Work-related behaviors of interest to organizational and industrial psychologists fall into two broad categories (March & Simon, 1958): (a) behaviors that reflect the outcome of a worker's decision to participate in an employing organization, and (b) behaviors that reflect the decision to perform in his or her role in that organization.In addition to such frequently studied behaviors as turnover and productivity, there are other indicators of the decisions to participate and perform. Nonparticipation, for example, need not be physical. A worker can retreat from his or her work situation by means other than simply not showing up for work (as reflected in measures of turnover, absenteeism, or lateness). He or she can also withdraw psychologically through daydreaming, through a self-divestment of the psychological importance of work, or through the use of drugs to help him or her get through a day at work. In addition, conventional treatments of the decision to perform ignore the distinction between two quite different types of nonperformance: doing little or nothing (e.g., as reflected in poor quality or quantity of output) and doing something that is, from an employer's perspective, counterproductive (e.g., damaging an employer's product on purpose).Much interest in the popular and semischolarly press has focused in the last year or so upon

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Men have higher drowning rates than women for most age groups. Data from a 1991 national household survey (n = 3042) on aquatic activities were used to examine hypotheses about differential drowning rates by sex. Men and women were compared by (1) exposure to aquatic environments; (2) frequency of aquatic activities involving or potentially involving, submersion; (3) swimming training and ability; (4) aquatic risk-taking behaviors; and (5) alcohol use on or near the water. Men had elevated risks for exposure, risk taking, and alcohol use. It was concluded that several factors contribute to their relatively high drowning rates, including a possible interaction between overestimation of abilities and heavy alcohol use.

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