No abstract

The current analysis investigates whether the uplift of the Serra da Esperança and the Ponta Grossa Arch in the Serra Geral resulted in ichthyofaunistic changes in adjacent basins. For this, we describe the phylogeographic structure among populations of Trichomycterus collected in hydrographic basins in southern Brazil by using partial nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I. Analyses revealed that the nomenclature Trichomycterus davisi fails to contain the whole genetic diversity range found in the collected specimens and indicates at least six genetic lineages in Trichomycterus. Diagnostic morphological characteristics not associated to T. davisi could be identified in some specimens from the Iguaçu Piquiri haplogroup, indicating the occurrence of species Trichomycterus stawiarski. The lack of morphological differences among the other clades clearly suggests a cryptic species case. Molecular analyses revealed at least five new species besides T. davisi in the hydrographic basins and support the interpretation that genetic structure in T. davisi species complex is explained by tectonic events intrinsic to the areas of influence of Serra da Esperança and the Ponta Grossa Arch which occurred around 1.7 My.

Cophylogenetic studies aim at testing specific hypotheses to understand the nature of coevolving associations between sets of organisms, such as host and parasites. Monogeneans and their hosts provide and interesting platform for these studies due to their high host specificity. In this context, the objective of the present study was to establish whether the relationship between Anacanthorus spp. with their hosts from the upper Paraná River and its tributaries can be explained by means of cospeciation processes. Nine fish species and 14 monogenean species, most of them host specific, were studied. Partial DNA sequences of the genes RAG1, 16S and COI of the fish hosts and of the genes ITS2, COI and 5.8S of the parasite species were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of the host and parasite species were built and used for analyses of topological congruence with PACo and ParaFit. The program Jane was used to estimate the nature of cospeciation events. The comparison of the two phylogenies revealed high topological congruence between them. Both PACo and ParaFit supported the hypothesis of global cospeciation. Results from Jane pointed to duplications as the most frequent coevolutionary event, followed by cospeciation, whereas duplications followed by host-switching were the least common event in Anacanthorus spp. studied. Host-sharing (spreading) was also identified but only between congeneric host species.

A new species of Cambeva endemic to the Rio Ivaí basin, Upper Paraná basin, is described combining morphological and molecular data. This new species is distinguished from all congeners by characters related to the number of pectoral-fin rays, to the colour pattern of the dorsal and lateral surface of the body, to the presence of diffuse blotches in the ventral surface of body, to the presence of a pelvic-fin and pelvic girdle, to the number of odontodes in the inter-opercular and opercular patches, to the number of dorsal and ventral procurrent rays. In addition, the analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences identified a satisfactory genetic distance between this new species and its congeners. The new species from the Rio Ivaí reinforces its characteristics as an area of endemism for fishes in the Upper Rio Paraná basin.

GASQUES, L. S.; FABRIN, T. M. C.; PRIOLI, S. M. A. P.; PRIOLI, A. J. A introdução do gênero Cichla [Block e Schneider, 1801] na planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 4, p. 261-266, out./dez. 2014. RESUMO:As espécies que compõem o gênero Cichla Block e Schneider, 1801 são piscívoras, possuem grande plasticidade fenotípica e oferecem cuidados para sua prole, motivos estes que as tornam invasoras de alto impacto ambiental. O conhecimento taxonômico e da diversidade genética são importantes para o monitoramento populacional das espécies introduzidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as espécies e esboçar um histórico da presença do gênero Cichla na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná evidenciando a problemática de sua introdução nesta região. Análises de diversidade genética em populações introduzidas na bacia do rio Paraná de Cichla kelberi [Kullander e Ferreira, 2006] e C. piquiti [Kullander e Ferreira, 2006] têm demonstrado a origem dos espécimes introduzidos assim como a sua hibridação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tucunaré. Hibridação. Molecular. Espécie exotica. THE Cichla [BLOCK e SCHNEIDER, 1801] GENUS IN FLOODPLAINS OF THE UPPER PARANÁ RIVER ABSTRACT:The species constituting the Cichla [Block e Schneider, 1801] genus are piscivorous, present great phenotypic plasticity and provide care for their offspring, reasons that characterise these intruders as of high environmental impact. The taxonomic and genetic diversity knowledge is important for population monitoring of the introduced species. The aim of this study is to characterize the species and draw a history of the presence of the Cichla genus in the floodplain of the Las especies que componen el género Cichla Block y Schneider, 1801 son piscívoras, tienen gran plasticidad fenotípica y ofrecen cuidados a su prole, motivos estos que las vuelven invasoras de alto impacto ambiental. El conocimiento taxonómico y la diversidad genética son importantes para el monitoreo poblacional de las especies introducidas. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido caracterizar las especies y esbozar un histórico de la presencia del género Cichla en la llanura de inundación del alto Río Paraná evidenciando la problemática de su introducción en esta región. Análisis de la diversidad genética en poblaciones introducidas en la bacía del Río Paraná de Cichla kelberi [Kullander y Ferreira, 2006] y C. piquiti [Kullander y Ferreira, 2006], ha demostrado el origen de los especímenes introducidos, así como su hibridación.