BackgroundMotorcycles make up 81 % of the total vehicle population and 74 % of road traffic deaths in Lao PDR. Helmets reduce the risk and severity of injuries resulting from motorcycle accidents by 72 %. Although Lao law mandates motorcycle helmet use among drivers and passengers, the prevalence of helmet use in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR is unknown. This project aimed to measure the prevalence of motorcycle helmet use among riders (i.e., drivers and passengers) in Luang Prabang.MethodsAn observational survey in Luang Prabang was conducted in February 2015 to measure the prevalence of motorcycle helmet use among drivers and passengers. Additionally, non-helmet wearing riders were surveyed to identify the reasons for helmet non-use.ResultsOf 1632 motorcycle riders observed, only 16.2 % wore helmets. Approximately 29 % of adults wore helmets while less than 1 % of all children wore helmets. When surveyed about attitudes towards helmet use, the majority of adult drivers indicated that they did not like how adult helmets feel or made them look. Additionally, almost half of motorcyclists who did not own child helmets reported that their child was too young to wear a helmet.ConclusionsOur finding that children wear helmets at significantly lower rates compared to adults is consistent with findings from neighboring countries in Southeast Asia. Results of this study have implications for public health campaigns targeting helmet use, especially among children.

No abstract

Objectives:To investigate the survival characteristics of postoperative nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, and the predictive value of a prognostic model. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively evaluated data from 1202 postoperative nonmetastatic RCC patients who were treated between 1999 and 2012 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). In addition, we also evaluated data relating to 53 205 cases acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Survival analysis was performed on the cases, and subgroups, using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. The concordance index of the Stage Size Grade Necrosis (SSIGN), Leibovich, and the UCLA integrated staging system, scores was determined to evaluate the accuracy of these outcome prediction models. Results:The 5-year overall survival rate for RCC cases in West China Hospital was 87.6%; this was higher than that observed for SEER cases. Survival analysis identified several factors that exerted significant influence over prognosis, including the time of surgery, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor stage, size, nuclear differentiation, pathological subtypes, along with necrotic and sarcomatoid differentiation. Moreover tumor stage, size, and nuclear grade were all identified as independent predictors for both our cases and those from the SEER program. Patient groups with advanced RCC, and poorly differentiated RCC subgroups, were both determined to have a poor prognosis. The SSIGN model yielded the best predictive value as a prognostic model, followed by the Leibovich, and UCLA integrated staging system; this was the case for our patients, and for sub-groups with a poor prognosis. Conclusion: The prognosis of RCC was mostly influenced by tumor stage, size, and nuclear differentiation. SSIGN may represent the most suitable prognostic model for the Chinese population. |SHAO et Al.

To compare the clinical feasibility and oncological outcome of different surgical techniques for inguinal lymphadenectomy (ILND) in patients suffering from penile cancer. This study included data from 109 cN0–2 patients diagnosed with penile cancer who received ILND. 80 laparoscopic ILND were performed on 40 patients, while 138 open surgeries were performed on 69 patients. Perioperative complications and prognosis were compared between different surgical techniques. Compared with the open surgery group, the laparoscopy group had a shorter hospital stay (8.88 ± 7.86 days vs. 13.94 ± 10.09 days, P = 0.004), and a lower wound healing delay rate (8.75% vs. 22.46%, P = 0.017), but also had longer drainage time (10.91 ± 9.66 vs. 8.70 ± 4.62, P = 0.002). There were no significant differences in terms of other intraoperative parameters, complications, and survival between open and laparoscopic group. Compared with saphenous vein ligated subgroup, preserved subgroup showed no significant reducing of complication rate. There was no significant difference among complication between different open surgery subgroup. Immediate ILND showed no prognostic advantage over delayed ILND regardless of clinical lymph node status. Compared with open surgery, the minimally invasive ILND technique has similar oncological efficiency and a lower complication rate. Saphenous vein preservation has limited value in reducing complications. Delayed lymphadenectomy might be a more reasonable option for ILND.

Background: About 90% of liver cancer-related deaths are caused by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification is associated with the biological process and regulation of various diseases. To the best of our knowledge, its role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC has not been thoroughly investigated.Aim: To identify N7-methylguanosine (m7G) related prognostic biomarkers in HCC. Furthermore, we also studied the association of m7G–related prognostic gene signature with immune infiltration in HCC.Methods: The TCGA datasets were used as a training and GEO dataset “GSE76427” for validation of the results. Statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical software version 4.1.2.Results: Functional enrichment analysis identified some pathogenesis related to HCC. We identified 3 m7G-related genes (CDK1, ANO1, and PDGFRA) as prognostic biomarkers for HCC. A risk score was calculated from these 3 prognostic m7G-related genes which showed the high-risk group had a significantly poorer prognosis than the low-risk group in both training and validation datasets. The 3- and 5-years overall survival was predicted better with the risk score than the ideal model in the entire cohort in the predictive nomogram. Furthermore, immune checkpoint genes like CTLA4, HAVCR2, LAG3, and TIGT were expressed significantly higher in the high-risk group and the chemotherapy sensitivity analysis showed that the high-risk groups were responsive to sorafenib treatment.Conclusion: These 3 m7G genes related signature model can be used as prognostic biomarkers in HCC and a guide for immunotherapy and chemotherapy response. Future clinical study on this biomarker model is required to verify its clinical implications.