CeO nanorods are functional mimics of natural haloperoxidases. They catalyze the oxidative bromination of phenol red to bromophenol blue and of natural signaling molecules involved in bacterial quorum sensing. Laboratory and field tests with paint formulations containing 2 wt% of CeO nanorods show a reduction in biofouling comparable to Cu O, the most typical biocidal pigment.

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In the absence of Ca2+ the polymers N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan, together with Na-polyphosphate and alginate, form random-coiled structures. Addition of Ca2+ transforms these polymers to durable implants.