This work is dedicated to Prof. Monika Willert-Porada. We kindly would like to thank her for her contribution to the project and her support. Low cost and abundant catalysts demonstrating high activity and stability towards the oxygen reactions, i. e., the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are crucial for the development of electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Herein, the facile synthesis and systematic characterisation of two highly active and stable oxygen electrocatalysts, i. e., high surface area α-MnO 2 microspheres and nanoparticulate Co 3 O 4 , are reported. α-MnO 2 exhibits low half-wave potential and potential of À 0.197 and À 0.226 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at À 3 mA cm À 2 , respectively, that are only marginally higher compared to commercial Pt/C (E 1/2 = À 0.161 V, E j =-3 = À 0.171 V) for ORR. Meanwhile, Co 3 O 4 needs a potential of 0.601 V (vs. Ag/ AgCl) to drive 10 mA cm À 2 being competitive to commercial Ir/C (E j = 10 = 0.60 V) for OER. In order to create a bifunctional catalyst, two approaches were pursued: i) Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles were homogeneously grown on the surface of α-MnO 2 microspheres yielding a radial hybrid composite catalyst material in the form of a core (α-MnO 2) shell (Co 3 O 4) structure and ii), much simpler, individual α-MnO 2 microspheres and Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles were physically mixed in a powder blend. The powder blend demonstrates superior overall bifunctional catalytic properties such that the individual catalysts still dominate their respective oxygen reaction and, due to synergistic interactions between both catalysts, an improved ORR activity could be achieved.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.